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Three-Dimensional Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Biology

Description: Recent instrumental developments have enabled greatly improved resolution of scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) through aberration correction. An additional and previously unanticipated advantage of aberration correction is the greatly improved depth sensitivity that has led to the reconstruction of a three-dimensional (3D) image from a focal series. In this chapter the potential of aberration-corrected 3D STEM to provide major improvements in the imaging capabilities for biologi… more
Date: January 1, 2007
Creator: De Jonge, Niels; Sougrat, Rachid; Pennycook, Stephen J; Peckys, Diana B & Lupini, Andrew R
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Opportunities for Saving Energy and Improving Air Quality in Urban Heat Islands

Description: World energy use is the main contributor to atmospheric CO2. In 2002, about 7.0 giga metric tons of carbon (GtC) were emitted internationally by combustion of gas, liquid, and solid fuels (CDIAC, 2006), 2 to 5 times the amount contributed by deforestation (Brown et al., 1988). The share of atmospheric carbon emissions for the United States from fossil fuel combustion was 1.6 GtC. Increasing use of fossil fuel and deforestation together have raised atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration some 25% ov… more
Date: July 1, 2007
Creator: Akbari, Hashem
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Macroscopic Modeling of Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes

Description: In this chapter, the various approaches for the macroscopic modeling of transport phenomena in polymer-electrolyte membranes are discussed. This includes general background and modeling methodologies, as well as exploration of the governing equations and some membrane-related topic of interest.
Date: April 1, 2007
Creator: Weber, A.Z. & Newman, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Deformation Behavior of Nanoporous Metals

Description: Nanoporous open-cell foams are a rapidly growing class of high-porosity materials (porosity {ge} 70%). The research in this field is driven by the desire to create functional materials with unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties where the material properties emerge from both morphology and the material itself. An example is the development of nanoporous metallic materials for photonic and plasmonic applications which has recently attracted much interest. The general strategy is to … more
Date: November 28, 2007
Creator: Biener, J.; Hodge, A. M. & Hamza, A. V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Chapter 3: Evaluating the impacts of carbonaceous aerosols on clouds and climate

Description: Any attempt to reconcile observed surface temperature changes within the last 150 years to changes simulated by climate models that include various atmospheric forcings is sensitive to the changes attributed to aerosols and aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, which are the main contributors that may well balance the positive forcings associated with greenhouse gases, absorbing aerosols, ozone related changes, etc. These aerosol effects on climate, from various modeling studies discussed in Meno… more
Date: September 3, 2007
Creator: Menon, Surabi & Del Genio, Anthony D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pestoides F, and Atypical Yersinia pestis Strain from the Former Soviet Union

Description: Unlike the classical Yersinia pestis strains, members of an atypical group of Y. pestis from Central Asia, denominated Y. pestis subspecies caucasica (also known as one of several pestoides types), are distinguished by a number of characteristics including their ability to ferment rhamnose and melibiose, their lacking the small plasmid encoding the plasminogen activator (pla) and pesticin, and their exceptionally large variants of the virulence plasmid pMT (encoding murine toxin and capsular an… more
Date: January 5, 2007
Creator: Garcia, E.; Worsham, P.; Bearden, S.; Malfatti, S.; Lang, D.; Larimer, F. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Promoting electricity from renewable energy sources -- lessons learned from the EU, U.S. and Japan

Description: The promotion of electricity generated from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has recently gained high priority in the energy policy strategies of many countries in response to concerns about global climate change, energy security and other reasons. This chapter compares and contrasts the experience of a number of countries in Europe, states in the US as well as Japan in promoting RES, identifying what appear to be the most successful policy measures. Clearly, a wide range of policy instruments ha… more
Date: June 1, 2007
Creator: Haas, Reinhard; Meyer, Niels I.; Held, Anne; Finon, Dominique; Lorenzoni, Arturo; Wiser, Ryan et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Structural Genomics of Minimal Organisms: Pipeline and Results

Description: The initial objective of the Berkeley Structural Genomics Center was to obtain a near complete three-dimensional (3D) structural information of all soluble proteins of two minimal organisms, closely related pathogens Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae. The former has fewer than 500 genes and the latter has fewer than 700 genes. A semiautomated structural genomics pipeline was set up from target selection, cloning, expression, purification, and ultimately structural determination. At the ti… more
Date: September 14, 2007
Creator: Kim, Sung-Hou; Shin, Dong-Hae; Kim, Rosalind; Adams, Paul & Chandonia, John-Marc
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Use Of Scanning Probe Microscopy To Investigate Crystal-Fluid Interfaces

Description: Over the past decade there has been a natural drive to extend the investigation of dynamic surfaces in fluid environments to higher resolution characterization tools. Various aspects of solution crystal growth have been directly visualized for the first time. These include island nucleation and growth using transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy; elemental step motion using scanning probe microscopy; and the time evolution of interfacial atomic structure using variou… more
Date: April 16, 2007
Creator: Orme, C. A. & Giocondi, J. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry

Description: The Earth's climate is determined by a number of complex connected physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in the atmosphere, land and ocean. The radiative properties of the atmosphere, a major controlling factor of the Earth's climate, are strongly affected by the biophysical state of the Earth's surface and by the atmospheric abundance of a variety of trace constituents. These constituents include long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), methane (… more
Date: October 1, 2007
Creator: Menon, Surabi; Denman, Kenneth L.; Brasseur , Guy; Chidthaisong, Amnat; Ciais, Philippe; Cox, Peter M. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Pulsed Power for Solid-State Lasers

Description: Beginning in the early 1970s, a number of research and development efforts were undertaken at U.S. National Laboratories with a goal of developing high power lasers whose characteristics were suitable for investigating the feasibility of laser-driven fusion. A number of different laser systems were developed and tested at ever larger scale in pursuit of the optimum driver for laser fusion experiments. Each of these systems had associated with it a unique pulsed power option. A considerable amou… more
Date: April 19, 2007
Creator: Gagnon, W.; Albrecht, G.; Trenholme, J. & Newton, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chapter 8: Selective Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactivity in the Confines of a Chiral Supramolecular Assembly

Description: Nature uses enzymes to activate otherwise unreactive compounds in remarkable ways. For example, DNases are capable of hydrolyzing phosphate diester bonds in DNA within seconds,[1-3]--a reaction with an estimated half-life of 200 million years without an enzyme.[4] The fundamental features of enzyme catalysis have been much discussed over the last sixty years in an effort to explain the dramatic rate increases and high selectivities of enzymes. As early as 1946, Linus Pauling suggested that enzy… more
Date: September 27, 2007
Creator: University of California, Berkeley; Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National; Raymond, Kenneth; Pluth, Michael D.; Bergman, Robert G. & Raymond, Kenneth N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Industry

Description: This chapter addresses past, ongoing, and short (to 2010) and medium-term (to 2030) future actions that can be taken to mitigate GHG emissions from the manufacturing and process industries. Globally, and in most countries, CO{sub 2} accounts for more than 90% of CO{sub 2}-eq GHG emissions from the industrial sector (Price et al., 2006; US EPA, 2006b). These CO{sub 2} emissions arise from three sources: (1) the use of fossil fuels for energy, either directly by industry for heat and power genera… more
Date: December 1, 2007
Creator: Bernstein, Lenny; Roy, Joyashree; Delhotal, K. Casey; Harnisch, Jochen; Matsuhashi, Ryuji; Price, Lynn et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biomolecular Modification of Inorganic Crystal Growth

Description: The fascinating shapes and hierarchical designs of biomineralized structures are an inspiration to materials scientists because of the potential they suggest for biomolecular control over materials synthesis. Conversely, the failure to prevent or limit tissue mineralization in the vascular, skeletal, and urinary systems is a common source of disease. Understanding the mechanisms by which organisms direct or limit crystallization has long been a central challenge to the biomineralization communi… more
Date: April 27, 2007
Creator: De Yoreo, J. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Description: Fuel cells may become the energy-delivery devices of the 21st century with realization of a carbon-neutral energy economy. Although there are many types of fuel cells, polymerelectrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are receiving the most attention for automotive and small stationary applications. In a PEFC, hydrogen and oxygen are combined electrochemically to produce water, electricity, and waste heat. During the operation of a PEFC, many interrelated and complex phenomena occur. These processes includ… more
Date: September 7, 2007
Creator: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Weber, Adam; Weber, Adam Z.; Balliet, Ryan; Gunterman, Haluna P. & Newman, John
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Carbon Capture and Storage

Description: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is the long-term isolation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through physical, chemical, biological, or engineered processes. This includes a range of approaches including soil carbon sequestration (e.g., through no-till farming), terrestrial biomass sequestration (e.g., through planting forests), direct ocean injection of CO{sub 2} either onto the deep seafloor or into the intermediate depths, injection into deep geological formations, or even direct … more
Date: October 3, 2007
Creator: Friedmann, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Fidelity of Ocean Models With Explicit Eddies (Chapter 17)

Description: Current practices within the oceanographic community have been reviewed with regard to the use of metrics to assess the realism of the upper-ocean circulation, ventilation processes diagnosed by time-evolving mixed layer depth and mode water formation, and eddy heat fluxes in large-scale fine resolution ocean model simulations. We have striven to understand the fidelity of these simulations in the context of their potential use in future fine-resolution coupled climate system studies. A variety… more
Date: August 1, 2007
Creator: McClean, J.; Jayne, S.; Maltrud, M. & Ivanova, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cavity Microwave Searches for Cosmological Axions

Description: This chapter will cover the search for dark matter axions based on microwave cavity experiments proposed by Pierre Sikivie. We will start with a brief overview of halo dark matter and the axion as a candidate. The principle of resonant conversion of axions in an external magnetic field will be described as well as practical considerations in optimizing the experiment as a signal-to-noise problem. A major focus of this chapter will be the two complementary strategies for ultra-low noise detectio… more
Date: January 22, 2007
Creator: Carosi, G. & van Bibber, K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Interactive Volume Rendering of Diffusion Tensor Data

Description: As 3D volumetric images of the human body become an increasingly crucial source of information for the diagnosis and treatment of a broad variety of medical conditions, advanced techniques that allow clinicians to efficiently and clearly visualize volumetric images become increasingly important. Interaction has proven to be a key concept in analysis of medical images because static images of 3D data are prone to artifacts and misunderstanding of depth. Furthermore, fading out clinically irrelev… more
Date: March 30, 2007
Creator: Hlawitschka, Mario; Weber, Gunther; Anwander, Alfred; Carmichael, Owen; Hamann, Bernd & Scheuermann, Gerik
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROTOCOLS

Description: Radiological sampling and analyses are performed to collect data for a variety of specific reasons covering a wide range of projects. These activities include: Effluent monitoring; Environmental surveillance; Emergency response; Routine ambient monitoring; Background assessments; Nuclear license termination; Remediation; Deactivation and decommissioning (D&D); and Waste management. In this chapter, effluent monitoring and environmental surveillance programs at nuclear operating facilities a… more
Date: February 9, 2007
Creator: Jannik, T & P Fledderman, P
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Role of C and P Sites on the Chemical Activity of Metal Carbide and Phosphides: From Clusters to Single-Crystal Surfaces

Description: Transition metal carbides and phosphides have shown tremendous potential as highly active catalysts. At a microscopic level, it is not well understood how these new catalysts work. Their high activity is usually attributed to ligand or/and ensemble effects. Here, we review recent studies that examine the chemical activity of metal carbide and phosphides as a function of size, from clusters to extended surfaces, and metal/carbon or metal/phosphorous ratio. These studies reveal that the C and P s… more
Date: July 1, 2007
Creator: Rodriguez, J. A.; Vines, F.; Liu, P. & Illas, F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Electron Holography of Electromagnetic Fields - Recent Theoretical Advances.

Description: It has been shown in this work that the Fourier space approach can be fruitfully applied to the calculation of the fields and the associated electron optical phase shift of several magnetic and electrostatic structures, like superconducting vortices in conventional and high-T{sub c} superconductors, reverse biased p-n junctions, magnetic domains and nanoparticles. In all these cases, this novel approach has led to unexpected but extremely interesting results, very often expressed in analytical … more
Date: January 1, 2007
Creator: Beleggia, M.; Pozzi, G. & Tonomura, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Self-Organized Criticality and Cellular Automata

Description: Cellular automata provide a fascinating class of dynamical systems based on very simple rules of evolution yet capable of displaying highly complex behavior. These include simplified models for many phenomena seen in nature. Among other things, they provide insight into self-organized criticality, wherein dissipative systems naturally drive themselves to a critical state with important phenomena occurring over a wide range of length and the scales. This article begins with an overview of self-o… more
Date: January 1, 2007
Creator: Creutz, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Nuclear Reactions for Astrophysics

Description: No Description Available.
Date: July 5, 2007
Creator: J.Thompson, I & Nunes, F
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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