Additional plateaus with median voltages of {similar_to}4.6 V, and {similar_to}5 V have been observed on charging thin film lithium batteries with crystalline LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cathodes to 5.3 V. Total charge extracted from the 4 V and the two additional plateaus corresponded to about 1Li/Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, but the distribution of capacity among the three plateaus varied from film to film. It is speculated that the additional plateaus result from formation of mixed spinel structures in which a fraction of the 8a sites areoccupied by Mn{sup 2+} or Mn{sup 4+} ions and a fraction of the Li{sup +} ions occupy …
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Additional plateaus with median voltages of {similar_to}4.6 V, and {similar_to}5 V have been observed on charging thin film lithium batteries with crystalline LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cathodes to 5.3 V. Total charge extracted from the 4 V and the two additional plateaus corresponded to about 1Li/Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, but the distribution of capacity among the three plateaus varied from film to film. It is speculated that the additional plateaus result from formation of mixed spinel structures in which a fraction of the 8a sites areoccupied by Mn{sup 2+} or Mn{sup 4+} ions and a fraction of the Li{sup +} ions occupy the 16d sites. After charging to 5.3 V, the 4.6 V plateau disappeared, and the capacity of the 4 V plateau increased at the expense of that of the 5 V plateau. The latter change is attributed to movement of Mn{sup 3+} or Mn{sup 5+} ions from 8a to 16d sites.
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Bates, J. B.; Lubben, D.; Dudney, N. J.; Zuhr, R. A. & Hart, F. X.5-Volt and 4.6 V plateaus in LiMn₂O₄ thin films,
article,
January 1, 1996;
Tennessee.
(https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc672866/:
accessed May 30, 2024),
University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu;
crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.
