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in subjects: "Backfilling"

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Expected environments in high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel repositories in salt

The purpose of this report is to describe the expected environments associated with high-level waste (HLW) and spent fuel (SF) repositories in salt formations. These environments include the thermal, fluid, pressure, brine chemistry, and radiation fields predicted for the repository conceptual designs. In this study, it is assumed that the repository will be a room and pillar mine in a rock-salt formation, with the disposal horizon located approx. 2000 ft (610 m) below the surface of the earth.… more

Date: August 1, 1980

Creator: Claiborne, H.C. & Rickertsen, L.D., Graham, R.F.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Backfill barrier as a component in a multiple barrier nuclear waste isolation system

Quantitative estimates of the potential effectiveness of backfill barriers based on a linear sorption model are presented. Using getters such as clays (known sorbents), a backfill approximately 1-foot-thick can delay by 10/sup 4/ to 10/sup 5/ years the breakthrough of transuranics. A delay of 10/sup 3/ years is possible for major cationic fission products. These delays can be achieved provided that (1) the distribution coefficient (K/sub d/, a measure of affinity for sorbed species) for the bar… more

Date: May 1, 1980

Creator: Nowak, E.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Nuclear waste management technical support in the development of nuclear waste form criteria for the NRC. Task 1. Waste package overview

In this report the current state of waste package development for high level waste, transuranic waste, and spent fuel in the US and abroad has been assessed. Specifically, reviewed are recent and on-going research on various waste forms, container materials and backfills and tentatively identified those which are likely to perform most satisfactorily in the repository environment. Radiation effects on the waste package components have been reviewed and the magnitude of these effects has been id… more

Date: February 1, 1982

Creator: Dayal, R.; Lee, B. S.; Wilke, R. J.; Swyler, K. J.; Soo, P.; Ahn, T. M. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Groundwater chemistry of a nuclear waste reposoitory in granite bedrock

This report concerns the prediction of the maximum dissolution rate for nuclear waste stored in the ground. That information is essential in judging the safety of a nuclear waste repository. With a limited groundwater flow, the maximum dissolution rate coincides with the maximum solubility. After considering the formation and composition of deep granite bedrock groundwater, the report discusses the maximum solubility in such groundwater of canister materials, matrix materials and waste elements… more

Date: September 1, 1981

Creator: Rydberg, J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Physical response of backfill materials to mineralogical changes in a basalt environment. [Sand-clay mixture containing 25% bentonite]

Backfill materials surrounding waste canisters in a high-level nuclear waste repository are capable of ensuring very slow flow of groundwater past the canisters, and thereby increase the safety of the repository. However, in the design of a repository it will be necessary to allow for possible changes in the backfill. In this experimental program, changes in permeability, swelling behavior, and plastic behavior of the backfill at the temperatures, pressures, and radiation levels expected in a r… more

Date: January 1, 1983

Creator: Couture, R.A. & Seitz, M.G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mass transfer and transport in a geologic environment

This report is in a continuing series of reports that present analytic solutions for the dissolution and hydrogeologic transport of radionuclides from geologic repositories of nuclear waste. Previous reports have dealt mainly with radionuclide transport in the far-field, away from the effects of the repository. In the present report, the emphasis is on near-field processes, the transfer and transport of radionuclides in the vicinity of the waste packages. The primary tool used in these analyses… more

Date: April 1, 1985

Creator: Chambre, P. L.; Pigford, T. H.; Lee, W. W. L.; Ahn, J.; Kajiwara, S.; Kim, C. L. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analytical methods for predicting contaminant transport

This paper summarizes some of the previous and recent work at the University of California on analytical solutions for predicting contaminate transport in porous and fractured geologic media. Emphasis is given here to the theories for predicting near-field transport, needed to derive the time-dependent source term for predicting far-field transport and overall repository performance. New theories summarized include solubility-limited release rate with flow backfill in rock, near-field transport… more

Date: September 1, 1989

Creator: Pigford, T.H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Effect of aged waste package and basalt on radioelement release

Results of experiments are described that combine backfill, radioactive waste, and repository host rock in a single flowing groundwater stream in a manner analogous to a hydraulic breach of a waste repository. The experimental design is used to identify the chemical interactions that would occur if repository components were breached by flowing water. The results indicate that of three parameters studied, the alteration of the repository components as might occur upon aging had the most substan… more

Date: January 1, 1983

Creator: Seitz, M.G.; Vandegrift, G.F.; Bowers, D.L. & Gerding, T.J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Gamma and beta logging of underground sewer and process lines

The GammaSnake can be useful for locating uranium mill tailings used as backfill for sewer lines or storm drains where the lines can be readily accessed from a cleanout access port or other opening. The time required to determine if contamination is present using the GammaSnake method is considerably less than when using the delta gamma or drilling methods. There is, also, less potential hazard to the equipment operators when using the GammaSnake method. The GammaSnake method is generally limit… more

Date: November 1, 1989

Creator: Rangel, M.J.; Martz, D.E. & Langner, G.H. Jr.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Chemical durability of glass containing SRP waste: leachability characteristics, protective layer formation, and repository system interactions

The Repository Systems Program at Savannah River consists of the following elements: (a) static repository tests, (b) slow flow groundwater tests, (c) dynamic leaching experiments, (d) long term leaching tests, and (e) in situ experiments. The scouting tests performed in the static repository program are summarized and a new dynamic leaching concept is introduced in this paper. Abbreviated MCC-1 static leaching tests were used in this static repository program. The tests were conducted at 90/su… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Wicks, G G; Robnett, B M & Rankin, W D

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of the cost of mined geologic repositories in alternative media

IN 1981, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) conducted an analysis of the costs of using salt, granite, basalt or tuff to isolate spent nuclear fuel. Preliminary cost estimates were made and the conditions affecting cost in each medium were examined parametrically. The analysis was conducted using a repository cost model named RECON, created for this project. Data for the model were gathered from recent conceptual design studies completed and under way, from the Generic Environmental Impact … more

Date: February 1, 1982

Creator: Clark, L. L. & Cole, B. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Experiments, conceptual design, preliminary cost estimates and schedules for an underground research facility

Plans for an underground research facility are presented, incorporating techniques to assess the hydrological and thermomechanical response of a rock mass to the introduction and long-term isolation of radioactive waste, and to assess the effects of excavation on the hydrologic integrity of a repository and its subsequent backfill, plugging, and sealing. The project is designed to utilize existing mine or civil works for access to experimental areas and is estimated to last 8 years at a total c… more

Date: September 1, 1981

Creator: Korbin, G.; Wollenberg, H.; Wilson, C.; Strisower, B.; Chan, T. & Wedge, D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Recommendations to the NRC for review criteria for alternative methods of low-level radioactive waste disposal: Task 2b: Earth-mounded concrete bunkers

The US Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and US Army Engineer Division, Huntsville (HNDED) have developed general design criteria and specific design review criteria for the earth-mounded concrete bunker (EMCB) alternative method of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal. An EMCB is generally described as a reinforced concrete vault placed below grade, underneath a tumulus, surrounded by filter-blanket and drainage zones. The tumulus is covered over with a low permeability c… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Denson, R. H.; Bennett, R. D.; Wamsley, R. M.; Bean, D. L. & Ainsworth, D. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Technical issues in the geologic disposal of radioactive wastes

The status of technical understanding regarding radioactive waste repositories in geologic media is improving at a rapid rate. Within a few years the knowledge regarding non-salt repositories will be on a par with that which now exists for salt. To date there is no technical reason to doubt that geologic repositories in several different geologic media can be safely implemented to provide long-term isolation of radioactive wastes. Indeed, for bedded salt, there is now sufficient knowledge to al… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Weart, W. D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Numerical simulation of alteration of sodium bentonite by diffusion of ionic groundwater components

Experiments measuring the movement of trace amounts of radionuclides through compacted bentonite have typically used unaltered bentonite. Models based on experiments such as these may not lead to accurate predictions of the migration through altered or partially altered bentonite of radionuclides that undergo ion exchange. To address this problem, we have modified an existing transport code to include ion exchange and aqueous complexation reactions. The code is thus able to simulate the diffusi… more

Date: December 1, 1987

Creator: Jacobsen, J.S. & Carnahan, C.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mass transport in salt repositories: Steady-state transport through interbeds

Salt has long been a candidate for geologic disposal of nuclear waste. Because salt is extremely soluble in water, the existence of rock salt in the ground atest to the long-term stability of the salt. Both bedded salt and salt domes have been considered for nuclear waste disposal in the United States and Europe. While the salt is known to be quite pure in salt domes, bedded salt is interlaced with beds of sediments. Traditionally rock salt has not been considered water-conducting, but sediment… more

Date: March 1, 1989

Creator: Hwang, Y.; Lee, W. W. L.; Chambre, P. L. & Pigford, T. H. (California Univ., Berkeley, CA (USA). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Idaho National Laboratory Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for Fiscal Year 2007

This report describes the cultural resource monitoring activities of the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL) Cultural Resource Management (CRM) Office during fiscal year 2007 (FY 2007). In FY 2007, 40 localities were revisited: two locations of heightened Shoshone-Bannock tribal sensitivity, four caves, three butte/craters, twelve prehistoric archaeological sites, two historic stage stations, nine historic homesteads, a portion of Goodale’s Cutoff of the Oregon Trail, a portion of historic trail … more

Date: October 1, 2007

Creator: Pace, Brenda R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 404: Roller Coaster Sewage Lagoons and North Disposal Trench, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada with ROTC 1, Revision 0

This Closure Report provides the documentation for closure of the Roller Coaster Sewage Lagoons and North Disposal Trench Comective Action Unit (CAU) 404. CAU 404 consists of the Roller Coaster Sewage Lagoons (Corrective Action Site [CAS] TA-03-O01-TA-RC) and the North Disposal Trench (CAS TA-21-001-TA-RC). The site is located on the Tonopah Test Range, approximately 225 kilometers (km) (140 miles [mi]) northwest ofLas Vegas, Nevada. . The sewage lagoons received ~quid sanitary waste horn the O… more

Date: September 1, 1998

Creator: Kidman, Lynn

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Nuclear waste management. Quarterly progress report, October through December 1980

Progress reports and summaries are presented under the following headings: high-level waste process development; alternative waste forms; nuclear waste materials characterization center; TRU waste immobilization; TRU waste decontamination; krypton solidification; thermal outgassing; iodine-129 fixation; monitoring and physical characterization of unsaturated zone transport; well-logging instrumentation development; mobility of organic complexes of radionuclides in soils; waste management system… more

Date: March 1, 1981

Creator: Chikalla, T. D. & Powell, J. A. (comps.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The advantages of a salt/bentonite backfill for Waste Isolation Pilot Plant disposal rooms

A 70/30 wt% salt/bentonite mixture is shown to be preferable to pure crushed salt as backfill for disposal rooms in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). This report discusses several selection criteria used to arrive at this conclusion: the need for low permeability and porosity after closure, chemical stability with the surroundings, adequate strength to avoid shear erosion from human intrusion, ease of emplacement, and sorption potential for brine and radionuclides. Both salt and salt/bent… more

Date: April 1, 1991

Creator: Butcher, B.M.; Novak, C.F. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)) & Jercinovic, M. (New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Backfill Barriers: The Use of Engineered Barriers Based on Geologic Materials to Assure Isolation of Radioactive Wastes in a Repository. [Nickel-Iron Alloys]

A preliminary assessment is made to show that canisters fabricated of nickel-iron alloys, and surrounded by a suitable backfill, may produce an engineered barrier where the canister material is thermodynamically stable with respect to its environment. As similar conditions exist in nature, the performance of such systems as barriers to isolate radionuclides can be predicted over very long periods, of the order of 10/sup 6/ years.

Date: June 1, 1981

Creator: Apps, J. A. & Cook, N. G. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Nuclear waste management. Quarterly progress report, April-June 1981

Reports and summaries are presented for the following: high-level waste process development; alternative waste forms; TMI zeolite vitrification demonstration program; nuclear waste materials characterization center; TRU waste immobilization; TRU waste decontamination; krypton implantation; thermal outgassing; iodine-129 fixation; NWVP off-gas analysis; monitoring and physical characterization of unsaturated zone transport; well-logging instrumentation development; verification instrument develo… more

Date: September 1, 1981

Creator: Chikalla, T. D. & Powell, J. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mass transfer of soluble species into backfill and rock

This report describes a mathematical model that estimates the rate that cesium and iodine isotopes would migrate from spent fuel rods after emplacement in a geologic repository that is subsequently flooded with ground water. 4 refs., 2 figs. (TEM)

Date: July 1, 1986

Creator: Chambre, P. L.; Kang, C. H.; Lee, W. W. L. & Pigford, T. H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mechanical analyses of WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) disposal rooms backfilled with either crushed salt or crushed salt-bentonite

Numerical calculations of disposal room configurations at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) near Carlsbad, NM are presented. Specifically, the behavior of either crushed salt or a crushed salt-bentonite mixture, when used as a backfill material in disposal rooms, is modeled in conjunction with the creep behavior of the surrounding intact salt. The backfill consolidation model developed at Sandia National Laboratories was implemented into the SPECTROM-32 finite element program. This model i… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Wagner, R. A.; Callahan, G. D. (RE/SPEC, Inc., Rapid City, SD (USA)) & Butcher, B. M. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department