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Proposed Reference Spectral Irradiance Standards to Improve Photovoltaic Concentrating System Design and Performance Evaluation: Preprint

Description: This conference paper describes the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Standards Organization (ISO) standard solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM G-159, IEC-904-3, ISO 9845-1) provide standard spectra for photovoltaic performance applications. Modern terrestrial spectral radiation models and knowledge of atmospheric physics are applied to develop suggested revisions to update the reference spectra. We use a mo… more
Date: May 1, 2002
Creator: Myers, D. R.; Emery, K. E. & Gueymard, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

On-Line Microbial Whole Effluent Toxicity Monitoring for Industrial Wastewater

Description: In this study a respirometer is tested for its ability to act as an early upset warning device and whole effluent toxicity monitor for industrial discharge. Industrial discharge water quality is commonly evaluated by comparing measured chemical concentrations to target values or regulatory limits established by governmental agencies. Unless the regulatory values are based upon empirical data, the actual effect of the discharge on aquatic systems is unknown. At the same time assessing the enviro… more
Date: September 17, 2002
Creator: Mathews, S; Hoppes, W; Mascetti, M & Campbell, C G
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Certification Testing and Demonstration of Insulated Pressure Vessels for Vehicular Hydrogen Storage

Description: Insulated pressure vessels are cryogenic-capable pressure vessels that can be fueled with liquid hydrogen or ambient-temperature compressed hydrogen. This flexibility results in multiple advantages with respect to compressed hydrogen tanks or low-pressure liquid hydrogen tanks. Our work is directed at verifying that commercially available aluminum-lined, fiber-wrapped pressure vessels can be safely used to store liquid hydrogen. A series of tests have been conducted, and the results indicate th… more
Date: May 22, 2002
Creator: Aceves, S. M.; Martinez-Frias, J. & Espinosa-Loza, F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A 2-Liter, 2000 MPa Air Source for the Radiatively Driven Hypersonic Wind Tunnel

Description: The A2 LITE is a 2 liter, 2000 MPa, 750 K ultra-high pressure (UHP) vessel used to demonstrate UHP technology and to provide an air flow for wind tunnel nozzle development. It is the largest volume UHP vessel in the world. The design is based on a 100:1 pressure intensification using a hydraulic ram as a low pressure driver and a three-layer compound cylinder UHP section. Active control of the 900 mm piston stroke in the 63.5 mm bore permits pressure-time profiles ranging from static to constan… more
Date: May 30, 2002
Creator: Costantino, M & Lofftus, D
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fast Ignition: Physics Progress in the US Fusion Energy Program and Prospects for Achieving Ignition.

Description: Fast ignition (FI) has significant potential advantages for inertial fusion energy and it is therefore being studied as an exploratory concept in the US fusion energy program. FI is based on short pulse isochoric heating of pre-compressed DT by intense beams of laser accelerated MeV electrons or protons. Recent experimental progress in the study of these two heating processes is discussed. The goal is to benchmark new models in order to predict accurately the requirements for full-scale fast ig… more
Date: October 16, 2002
Creator: Key, M. H.; Andersen, C.; Cowan, T.; Fisch, N.; Freeman, R.; Hatchett, S. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaics: Research, Development, and Technologies: Preprint

Description: II-VI binary thin-film solar cells based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and I-III-VI ternary thin-film solar cells based on copper indium diselenide (CIS) and related materials have been the subject of intense research and development in the past few years. Substantial progress has been made thus far in the area of materials research, device fabrication, and technology development, and numerous applications based on CdTe and CIS have been deployed worldwide. World record efficiency of 16.5% has be… more
Date: May 1, 2002
Creator: Ullal, H. S.; Zweibel, K. & von Roedern, B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Correlations of Polyimides and Blended Polyimides for High Temperature Gas Separations

Description: High performance polymers are of interest for high temperature gas separations, especially for the sequestration of carbon dioxide. A new family of high performance imide polymers has been identified as a successful membrane capture material. VTEC polyimides possess desired thermal properties (up to 500 °C) along with being robust and flexible even after multiple thermal cycles (up to 400 °C). Polyimides (PI) are excellent materials for high selectivity for smaller kinetic diameter gases such a… more
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Klaehn, John R.; Orme, Christopher J.; Luther, Thomas A.; Peterson, Eric S. & Urban-Klaehn, Jagoda M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Nano-compression of carbon micro-balloons on a xp-nanoindenter

Description: Microballoons are thin hollow spheres that are bonded together with resins to form 'syntactic foam'. These foams exhibit very high specific compressive strength. Mechanical properties of the microballoons are integral to the mechanical properties of the syntactic foams and will also be useful in modeling of the system. This paper will present nano-compression results obtained for individual carbon microballoons (CMBs) tested between 5 and 50 mN on a XP nano-indentation device (MTS) customized w… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Gouadec, G.; Carlisle, K. (Kipp B.); Chawla, Krishan Kumar,; Koopman, M. (Mark) & Gladysz, G. M. (Gary M.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings for protection against molten metal.

Description: Molten metal environments pose a special demand on materials due to the high temperature corrosion effects and thermal expansion mismatch induced stress effects. A solution that has been successfully employed is the use of a base material for the mechanical strength and a coating material for the chemical compatibility with the molten metal. The work described here used such an approach coating tungsten rods with aluminum oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconia, yttrium oxide, and erbium oxide deposi… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Hollis, K. J. (Kendall J.); Peters, M. I. (Maria I.) & Bartram, B. D. (Brian D.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Use of predictive performance modeling during large-scale system installation

Description: We concern ourselves in this paper with one important application of predictive performance modeling - to validate the measured performance during system installation. In general, models can provide performance and scalability expectations of a system for a given workload. The application characteristics of the ASCI workload utilized in this paper is SAGE, a multidimensional, 3D, multi-material hydrodynamics code with adaptive mesh refinement. We review the salient features of an analytical mod… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Kerbyson, D. J. (Darren J.); Hoisie, A. (Adolfy) & Wasserman, H. J. (Harvey J.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Safe testing nuclear rockets economically

Description: Several studies over the past few decades have recognized the need for advanced propulsion to explore the solar system. As early as the 1960s, Werner Von Braun and others recognized the need for a nuclear rocket for sending humans to Mars. The great distances, the intense radiation levels, and the physiological response to zero-gravity all supported the concept of using a nuclear rocket to decrease mission time. These same needs have been recognized in later studies, especially in the Space Exp… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Howe, Steven D.; Travis, Bryan J. & Zerkle, David K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling eddy current analysis data to determine depth of weld penetration

Description: The Applied Engineering Technology Croup in the Engineering Sciences and Applications Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory is currently providing the design, engineering, assembly, and testing of an eddy current instrument for weld inspection. This instrument is designed to provide an in situ weld depth measurement of nuclear weapons primary components during fabrication. The goal of this effort is to improve the accuracy and reliability of the measurement of the weld joint depth and prov… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Hench, Karen W.; Christensen, Wynn; Gallant, Danny A.; Hinde, Ralph F., Jr.; Lopez, Aaron A.; Martin, Chuck et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Proposed technologies for use in the National TRU waste system optimization.

Description: Technology deployments planned for the National TRU Waste System Optimization Project are aimed at using appropriate cost-effective technologies to drive the national TRU waste system to a performance-driven certification system that is based on administrative and operational requirements with a sound safety and/or technical basis. Appropriate technology deployments are determined by first identifying technology needs; selecting promising technologies; and overseeing the development of operatin… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Moody, David C.; Lott, S. A. (Sheila A.); Behrens, R. G. (Robert G.); Basabilvazo, George T. (George Taylor), & Countiss, S. (Sue)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Restoration and testing of an HTS fault current controller

Description: A three-phase, 1200 A, 12.5 kV fault current controller using three HTS 4 mH coils, was built by industry and tested in 1999 at the Center Substation of Southern California Edison in Norwalk, CA. During the testing, it appeared that each of the three single-phase units had experienced a voltage breakdown, one externally and two internally. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was asked by DOE to restore the operation of the fault current controller provided the HTS coils had not been damaged d… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Waynert, Joseph A.; Boenig, Heinrich E.; Mielke, Charles H.; Willis, Jeffrey O. & Burley, Burt L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings for molten metal environments.

Description: Coating porosity is an important parameter to optimize for plasma-sprayed ceramics which are intended for service in molten metal environments. Too much porosity and the coatings may be infiltrated by the molten metal causing corrosive attack of the substrate or destruction of the coating upon solidification of the metal. Too little porosity and the coating may fail due to its inability to absorb thermal strains. This study describes the testing and analysis of tungsten rods coated with aluminu… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Hollis, K. J. (Kendall J.); Peters, M. I. (Maria I.) & Bartram, B. D. (Brian D.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transient thermohydraulic heat pipe modeling : incorporating THROHPUT into the Caesar environment /

Description: The THROHPUT code, which models transient thermohydraulic heat pipe behavior, is being incorporated into the CAESAR computational physics development environment. The CAESAR environment provides many beneficial features for enhanced model development, including levelized design, unit testing, Design by ContractTM (Meyer, 1997), and literate programming (Knuth, 1992), in a parallel, object-based manner. The original THROHPUT code was developed as a doctoral thesis research code; the current emph… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Hall, Michael L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Puncture evaluation of radiological gloves to assess use performance

Description: Tensile testing of gloves is an accepted method for the qualification of a new glove material or the qualification of a production run. Most often these tests are performed in accordance to ASTM standards, i.e. - D412-98a Standard Test Methods (STM) for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension, Unfortunately for elastomers such protocols do not exist for puncture testing. There are however several test methods for the puncture resistance of Protective Clo… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Steckle, W. P. (Warren P.), Jr.; Mittelstet, R. P.; Castro, J. M. (Julio M.) & Smith, M. E. (Mark E.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Testing and modeling of seepage into underground openings in aheterogeneous fracture system at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Description: We discuss field activities designed to characterize seepage into an underground opening at the potential site for geologic storage of high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and the use of these data for development and calibration of a model for predicting seepage into planned HLRW emplacement drifts. Air-injection tests were conducted to characterize the permeability of the fractured rock, and liquid-release tests (LRTs) were conducted and seepage monitored to characte… more
Date: March 25, 2002
Creator: Ahlers, C. F.; Trautz, R. C.; Cook, P. J. & Finsterle, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Initial Comparisons between the Advanced Technology Development Gen 2 Baseline Cells and Variant C Cells

Description: The Advanced Technology Development Program is testing a second generation of lithium-ion cells, consisting of a baseline and three variant chemistries. The cathode composition of the Variant C chemistry was altered with an increase to the aluminum dopant and a decrease to the cobalt dopant to explore the impact on performance. However, it resulted in a 20% drop in rated capacity. Also, the Variant C average power fade is higher, but capacity fade is higher for the Baseline cell chemistry. Init… more
Date: June 1, 2002
Creator: Christophersen, Jon Petter; Motloch, Chester George; Wright, Randy Ben; Murphy, Timothy Collins; Belt, Jeffrey R; Ho, Chinh Dac et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Framework for Making Sustainable Cleanup Decisions Using the KONVERGENCE Model

Description: The effects of closure decisions for used nuclear facilities can extend centuries into the future. Yet, the longevity of decisions made over the past half century has been poor. Our goal is an improved decision framework for decommissioning, stewardship, and waste management. This paper describes our overall framework. Companion papers describe the underlying philosophy of the KONVERGENCE Model for Sustainable Decisions1 and implications for a class of intractable decision problems.2 Where know… more
Date: August 1, 2002
Creator: Piet, Steven James; Dettmers, Dana Lee; Dakins, Maxine Ellen; Eide, Steven Arvid; Gibson, Patrick Lavern; Joe, Jeffrey Clark et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Determining the toughness of ceramics from Vickers indentationsusing the crack-opening displacements: An experimental study

Description: Recently, a method for evaluating the fracture toughness of ceramics has been proposed based on the computed crack-opening displacements of cracks emanating from Vickers hardness indentations. In order to verify this method, experiments were carried out to determine the toughness of a commercial silicon carbide ceramic, Hexaloy SA, by measuring the crack-opening profiles of such Vickers indentation cracks. While the obtained toughness value of Ko = 2.3 MPavm was within 10% of that measured usin… more
Date: October 30, 2002
Creator: Kruzic, J. J. & Ritchie, R. O.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

PNGV Battery Testing Procedures and Analytical Methodologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Description: Novel testing procedures and analytical methodologies to assess the performance of hybrid electric vehicle batteries have been developed. Tests include both characterization and cycle life and/or calendar life, and have been designed for both Power Assist and Dual Mode applications. Analytical procedures include a battery scaling methodology, the calculation of pulse resistance, pulse power, available energy, and differential capacity, and the modeling of calendar and cycle life data. Represent… more
Date: June 1, 2002
Creator: Motloch, Chester George; Belt, Jeffrey R.; Christophersen, Jon Petter; Wright, Randy Ben; Hunt, Gary Lynn; Haskind, H. J. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Six cell 'single cell' stack diagnostics and membrane electrode assembly evaluation

Description: Polymer electrolyte fuel cells are promising candidates as energy conversion devices in applications from portable power to stationary applications or electric vehicles. In order to achieve practical voltage, power and energy density, stacks are employed for almost all applications. Here, we present a six-cell 'single cell' stack in which individual cells can be isolated from the stack by current carrying leads found within each of the bipolar plates. The current carrying leads allow individual… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Pivovar, Bryan Scott; Le Scornet, Francois; Eickes, Christian; Zawodzinski, Christine; Purdy, Geraldine M.; Wilson, Mahlon S. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Testing the plutonium isotopic analysis code FRAM with various CdTe detectors.

Description: The isotopic analysis code Fixed-energy Response-function Analysis with Multiple efficiency (FRAM)1,2 has been proven to successfully analyze plutonium spectra taken with a portable CdTe detector with Peltier cooling, the first results of this kind for a noncryogenic detector.3 These are the first wide-range plutonium gamma-ray isotopics analysis results obtained with other than Ge spectrometers. The CdTe spectrometer measured small plutonium reference samples in reasonable count times, coverin… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Vo, Duc T. & Russo, P. A. (Phyllis A.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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