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Experimental study of flame propagation in semiconfined geometries with obstacles

Description: Accidents in which large quantities of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or other combustible materials are spilled can potentially lead to disastrous consequences, especially if the dispersing combustible cloud finds a suitable ignition source. So far, very little is known about the detailed behavior of a large burning cloud. Full-scale experiments are economically prohibitive, and therefore one must rely on laboratory and field experiments of smaller size, scaling up the results to make predictions… more
Date: February 8, 1982
Creator: Urtiew, P.A.; Brandeis, J. & Hogan, W.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Monitoring the chemistry and materials of the Magma Geothermal Binary Cycle Generating Plant

Description: The Magma Binary Cycle Plant at the East Mesa KGRA is the first geothermal generating plant of its kind in the US. In cooperation with the Magma Electric Company, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a DOE sponsored program at the plant to document the chemistry and materials performance during the first two years of operation. This paper describes the methods used, the instruments and the results.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Shannon, Donald W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pyrochemical processing of plutonium. Technology review report

Description: Non-aqueous processes are now in routine use for direct conversion of plutonium oxide to metal, molten salt extraction of americium, and purification of impure metals by electrorefining. These processes are carried out at elevated temperatures in either refractory metal crucibles or magnesium-oxide ceramics in batch-mode operation. Direct oxide reduction is performed in units up to 700 gram PuO/sub 2/ batch size with molten calcium metal as the reductant and calcium chloride as the reaction flu… more
Date: September 8, 1982
Creator: Coops, M.S.; Knighton, J.B. & Mullins, L.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Division of Materials Science (DMS) meeting presentation

Description: Materials preparation techniques are listed. Materials preparation capabilities are discussed for making BeF/sub 2/ glasses and other materials. Materials characterization techniques are listed. (DLC)
Date: November 8, 1982
Creator: Cline, C. F. & Weber, M. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermochemical hydrogen production studies at LLNL: a status report

Description: Currently, studies are underway at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) on thermochemical hydrogen production based on magnetic fusion energy (MFE) and solar central receivers as heat sources. These areas of study were described earlier at the previous IEA Annex I Hydrogen Workshop (Juelich, West Germany, September 23-25, 1981), and a brief update will be given here. Some basic research has also been underway at LLNL on the electrolysis of water from fused phosphate salts, but ther… more
Date: June 8, 1982
Creator: Krikorian, O.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pitfalls of elastomer compatibility testing

Description: An extensive compatibility test program was conducted starting with 34 compounds and six 190 C fluids. Both immersion tests and simulation tests were conducted for time periods ranging from 46 hours to over six months. Deficiencies in both types of tests were determined. Immersion tests, while useful for reducing the number of candidate compounds, can easily lead to incorrect conclusions. it is essential that simulation tests be conducted before a final elastomer is selected for use in a critic… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Friese, Gilbert J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Corrosion reference for geothermal downhole materials selection: Overview

Description: A consolidated reference of materials for downhole equipment used in geothermal energy exploitation is nearing completion. The reference is a summary of recent developments in the areas of tubular goods materials, highly alloyed metals, high temperature cements, high temperature elastomers, drilling and completion tools, logging tools, and downwell pumps. A brief overview is presented in this paper.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Ellis, Peter F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cathodic protection of carbon steel in simulated geothermal environments

Description: The applicability of cathodic protection to mitigate corrosion of carbon steel in two different environments containing H{sub 2}S has been investigated using impressed current and sacrificial anode techniques. Results of impressed current tests conducted under potential control shows that the weight loss can be reduced significantly by shifting the potential of the metal 60 to 80 mV cathodic to the open circuit potential. The relationship between the applied current and the potential shift show… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Bandy, R. & van Rooyen, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Calculation of the chemical behavior of highly concentrated geothermal brines

Description: In this report, the authors describe the development of a chemical equilibrium model for hydrothermal waters based on the semiempirical equations of aqueous electrolyte solutions recently introduced by Pitzer and co-workers. Accurate solubility predictions (usually within 5-10% of experimental results) can be made for ionic strengths 0-20m. Comparison with experimental data indicates that a theory parameterized by binary and ternary data can be used to accurately predict solubilities in much mo… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Moller-Weare, Nancy & Weare, John H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cathodic protection for geothermal wells

Description: A study was conducted to determine the current requirements for cathodic protection of geothermal wells. Oil well technology was applied in this study. Results of laboratory tests and field tests are presented. Attenuation calculations indicate that the cathodic protection current determined from field tests would protect the specific individual geothermal well.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Ohnysty, B.; Slattery, D.G. & Morris, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design and Fabrication of Polymer Concrete Pipe

Description: Polymer concrete is a composite material which has strength and durability characteristics greatly superior to those of portland cement concrete and better durability in hot brine than steel. polymer concrete has been successfully tested in brine and steam at temperatures up to 260 C. Exposures were as long as 960 days. Glass filament wound polymer concrete pipe was developed with excellent strength, low weight, and a cost comparable to or less than schedule 40 steel. Connections can be made wi… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Schroeder, J. E. & Abdelgawad, A. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A fabircation report on L'Garde Y267 geothermal compound

Description: A technology transfer was made from L'Garde to Precision Rubber Products for the fabrication of L'Garde geothermal seal compound Y267. Precision Rubber reports their experience as fabricators and gives field reports from three of their customers. Most of the experience has been very successful.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Gillette, Howard
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Summary of geothermal elastomeric materials (GEM) technology transfer

Description: High temperature elastomer technology which significantly advances the state-of-the-art was developed by L'Garde under DOE sponsorship. DOE exercised foresight and sponsored direct transferal of this technology to industry. Consequently, the technology can be readily purchased today from three commercial sources in the form of finished elastomeric parts. This paper provides a summary and conclusion of this effort which transcended important technology from a report gathering dust to three ready… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Hirasuna, Alan R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Elastomers for service in deep well environments

Description: For the last two decades the rubber division of BJ-Hughes, has been in the forefront of rubber technology as applied to products for the oil-well drilling industry. We welcomed the opportunities presented when we were selected to participate in the GEM program and extend our appreciation to L'Garde Inc., Department of Energy and Radian Corporation. Our first efforts, approximately 15 months ago were to duplicate the four compounds recommended by L'Garde and verify our ability to obtain equal ph… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Logsdon, L. R. & Long, W. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Shutdown corrosion in geothermal energy systems

Description: Experience has shown that corrosion occurring during geothermal energy utilization system downtime--shutdown corrosion--can pose a serious threat to successful operations. Shutdown corrosion in geothermal plants appears more severe than would be expected in their nongeothermal analogs, and its mitigation may pose a severe challenge to corrosion engineering personnel. This paper presents four case histories of geothermal shutdown corrosion problems. General methods of mitigation are explored.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Ellis, Peter F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Shape memory alloy seals for geothermal applications

Description: Rockwell International's Energy Systems Group, under contract to Brookhaven National Laboratory, has completed a 2-year program to develop a novel temperature-actuated seal concept for geothermal applications. This seal concept uses the unique properties of a shape memory alloy (Nitinol) to perform the sealing function. The several advantages of the concept are discussed in the paper. Demonstration tests of both face and shaft seals have shown that leaktight seals are feasible. Supporting mater… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Friske, Warren H. & Schwartzbart, Harry
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Durability of various cements in a well of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field

Description: The durability of each of 16 different cements was evaluated by both room temperature compressive strength and water permeability measurements, following various periods of treatment of the cements in flowing geothermal fluid of the Cerro Prieto field of Mexico. Some of these cements were selected through a Department of Energy program to develop improved cements for geothermal well completion while the others were contributed by several other institutions interested in the tests. Two types of … more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Krause, Ralph F., Jr. & Kukacka, Larry E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Resistance of nitrogen-containing stainless alloys to corrosion in chloride media

Description: The pitting resistance of a series of experimental stainless steels with varying amounts of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, manganese and nitrogen and a number of commercial stainless steels and nickel based alloys has been studied in highly concentrated chloride media. The results show that nitrogen enhancer the pitting resistance of stainless steel and exceptional corrosion resistance is achieved with high levels of nitrogen in combination with suitable amounts of molybdenum and chromium.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Bandy, R. & van Rooyen, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

New fluorocarbon elastomers for seals for geothermal and other aggressive environments

Description: Geothermal brines at 600 F which contain metallic salts, H{sub 2}S, and hydrocarbons quickly degrade conventional hydrocarbon elastomers, and hydrolyse crosslinks. Carbon-carbon and carbon-fluorine bonds are expected to be superior, but no such elastomer is now commercially available. We have prepared crosslinked, perfluorocarbon elastomers by radiation crosslinking VDFHFP and TFEP (alternating) copolymers in film and sheet form, and then converting C-H bonds to C-F bonds with elemental Fluorin… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Dumitru, Earl T.; Lagow, R. J. & Kukacka, L. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Rankine cycle leak detection via continuous monitoring

Description: Rankine cycle power plants operate on a closed cycle in which heat is transferred from a high temperature reservoir to a low temperature sink while performing useful work. leaks in this cycle cause the loss of working fluid and/or corrosion of the power plant. Both of these constitute a loss of capital assets. A severe leak can reduce the efficiency of the cycle to the extent of creating an operating loss. PNL is undertaking the development of continuous monitoring techniques to protect rankine… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Kindle, Cecil H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A corrosivity classification system for geothermal resources

Description: The most important difference between traditional steam systems and those that utilize geothermal fluids is the potential for corrosion of metals. The recently developed sourcebook ''Materials Selection Guidelines for Geothermal Energy Utilization Systems'' is expected to facilitate corrosion engineering decision making and reduce the cost of geothermal systems where new resources are similar to those presented by the corrosivity classification system.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Conover, Marshall F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Multi-megawatt neutral beams for MFTF-B

Description: Multi-megawatt neutral-beam sources have successfully made the transition from prototype to commercial production, with some operational improvements due to the commercialization. Long pulse source operation results will be available soon.
Date: November 8, 1982
Creator: Kerr, R. G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Improved energy sealing capability

Description: In response to the need for tapping national energy resources, an improved high temperature sealing material has been developed through the sponsorship of the Department of Energy. Parker Seal was selected as one of the technology transferees from L'Garde Inc. and has optimized this transferred technology for further improved performance capabilities and acceptable plant processing. This paper summarizes Parker Seal's testing and evaluation efforts on L'Garde's Y267 transferred technology for a… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Barsoumian, Jerry L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Geothermal chemical control and monitoring instrumentation - an overview

Description: The authors must have accurate knowledge of the geothermal fluid chemistry at operating temperature if they are to optimize operation, prevent corrosion, increase equipment service life and maximize profit and use. Available electrochemical sensors do not survive at the temperatures encountered in geothermal fluids; and new developments in this area are required. In order to fill this gap in technology, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is developing chemical control and monitoring instrum… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Jensen, G.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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