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Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 112th Congress

Description: The economic rationale for interventions in energy markets helps inform the debate surrounding energy tax policy. This report begins by providing background on the economic rationale for energy market interventions, highlighting various market failures. After identifying possible market failures in the production and consumption of energy, possible interventions are discussed. The report concludes with an analysis of energy tax policy as it stands at the start of the 112th Congress.
Date: September 24, 2012
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Excise Tax on High-Cost Employer-Sponsored Health Coverage: In Brief

Description: This report provides an overview of the excise tax. The report includes cost estimates for the excise tax and explores the excise tax's relationship with the tax advantages for employer-sponsored health coverage. The information in this report is based on statute and two notices issued by the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
Date: March 24, 2016
Creator: Mach, Annie L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS): OECD Tax Proposals

Description: This report first reviews the basics of international tax rules. It then discusses the various action items organized into Action Item 1, which relates to the digital economy and proposes standards only with respect to VATS; Action Items 2-5, 7, and 8-10, items related primarily to profit shifting; Action Item 5, which relates to harmful tax practices; Action Item 6, regarding tax treaties; and Action Items 11-15, which are primarily administrative in nature.
Date: July 24, 2017
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Dynamic Scoring for Tax Legislation: A Review of Models

Description: This report first explains dynamic scoring, including the types of effects incorporated and the types of models used, as well as what groups conduct or have conducted macroeconomic analysis of tax changes. The following section discusses the specific issues associated with tax reform. The final section discusses general issues surrounding the use of various models and reviews the empirical evidence on supply side responses.
Date: January 24, 2014
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The OECD Initiative on Tax Havens

Description: This report examines the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and its role in changes to U.S. laws related to bribery, tax havens.
Date: July 24, 2009
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Who Earns Pass-Through Business Income? An Analysis of Individual Tax Return Data

Description: This report analyzes individual tax return data to determine who earns pass-through business income which is from sole proprietorships, partnerships, and S corporations. The analysis finds that in 2011 over 82% of net pass-through income was earned by individuals with an adjusted gross income (AGI) over $100,000, although these taxpayers accounted for just 23% of individual returns with pass-through income. Who earns pass-through income may have important implications for tax reform.
Date: October 24, 2017
Creator: Keightley, Mark P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Gasoline Excise Tax — Historical Revenues: Fact Sheet

Description: This report provides a fact sheet about the Gasoline Excise Tax - Historical Revenues. The gas tax was regarded as a user tax where the federal government has imposed a gasoline excise tax with the passage of the revenue act in 1932.
Date: May 24, 2005
Creator: Talley, Louis Alan & Jackson, Pamela J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An Introduction to the Design of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit

Description: This report discusses the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), which is a federal provision that reduces the income tax liability of taxpayers claiming the credit. These taxpayers are typically investors in real estate development projects that have traded cash for the tax credits to support the production of affordable housing. The credit is intended to lower the financing costs of housing developments so that the rental prices of units can be lower than market rates, and thus, presumably, a… more
Date: January 24, 2008
Creator: Jackson, Pamela J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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1099 Information Reporting Requirements and Penalties as Modified by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010

Description: This report discuses the 2010 expansion of reporting requirements listed in IRC (Internal Revenue Code) 6041. The controversy in these expansions lies in the burden the expansion imposes on small businesses. The report also describes the pieces of legislation that have amended IRC 6041, and the implications of that legislation along with the consequences of IRC 6041.
Date: November 24, 2010
Creator: Pettit, Carol A. & Liu, Edward C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

PILT (Payments in Lieu of Taxes): Somewhat Simplified

Description: Under current federal law, local governments are compensated through various programs for losses to their tax bases due to the presence of most federally owned land. Some of these programs are run by specific agencies, and apply only to that agency's land. The most widely applicable program, while run by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), applies to many types of federally owned land, and is called "Payments in Lieu of Taxes" or PILT. The level of payments is calculated under a complex formul… more
Date: June 24, 1998
Creator: Corn, M. Lynne
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Internet Tax Legislation: Distinguishing Issues

Description: The Internet Tax Freedom Act (ITFA), enacted in 1998, placed a three-year moratorium on the ability of state and local governments to impose new taxes on Internet access, or to impose any multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce. The moratorium is scheduled to expire on October 21, 2001.
Date: November 24, 2000
Creator: Noto, Nonna A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Major Tax Issues in the 107th Congress

Description: Tax cuts have been one of the principal issues Congress has addressed in the first part of 2001. In part, this issue continues a debate that occurred through 1999 and 2000, as the federal budget began to register surpluses for the first time in nearly 30 years.
Date: May 24, 2001
Creator: Brumbaugh, David L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy Tax Policy

Description: President Bush has issued a comprehensive energy policy initiative, which includes limited energy tax measures; the Administration has criticized such measures as being inconsistent with its free market philosophy. Several of the issues that drove energy policy and energy tax policy during the 106th Congress are extant: 1) tax incentives to increase the supply of oil and gas; 2) energy tax issues relating to energy conservation and energy efficiency; 3) energy tax issues relating to alternative… more
Date: August 24, 2001
Creator: Lazzari, Salvatore
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparison of 501(c )(3) and 501(c )(4) Organizations

Description: This paper briefly compares the differences between tax-exempt organizations described in Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3) and those described in section 501(c)(4). Although some organizations can qualify as either a 501(c)(3) or a 501(c)(4) organization, there are two outstanding differences between the two categories which may make one type of exemption more desirable than the other: deductibility of contributions and ability to lobby without significant limits.
Date: March 24, 1995
Creator: Morris, Marie B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Across-the-Board Tax Cuts: Economic Issues

Description: This report examines economic issues relating to across-the-board tax cuts, focusing primarily on distributional issues. The report is divided into four sections. The first section provides a general overview of the tax system. The next discusses recent proposals relating to across-the-board tax cuts. The third section discusses methods of evaluating alternative types of across-the-board tax cuts. The final section briefly discusses issues of efficiency, simplicity, and stabilization policy.
Date: September 24, 2001
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Export Tax Benefits and the WTO: Foreign Sales Corporations and the Extraterritorial Replacement Provisions

Description: The U.S. tax code’s Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) provisions provided a tax benefit for U.S. exporters. However, the European Union (EU) in 1997 charged that the provision was an export subsidy and thus contravened the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. A WTO ruling upheld the EU complaint, and to avoid WTO sanctioned retaliatory tariffs, U.S. legislation in November 2000 replaced FSC with the “extraterritorial income” (ETI) provisions, consisting of a redesigned export tax benefit of… more
Date: January 24, 2002
Creator: Brumbaugh, David L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Estate Tax Legislation in the 109th Congress

Description: Under provisions of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA, P.L. 107-16), the estate tax and generation-skipping transfer tax are scheduled to be repealed effective January 1, 2010. But the estate tax repeal, and all other provisions of EGTRRA, are scheduled to sunset December 31, 2010. If the sunset provision is not repealed, or the law is not otherwise changed beforehand, in 2011 estate and gift tax law will return to what it would have been had EGTRRA never bee… more
Date: June 24, 2005
Creator: Noto, Nonna A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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