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Electronic Government: Implementation of the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (FFATA) is intended to increase the transparency of and accountability for the over $1 trillion that federal agencies award each year in contracts, loans, grants, and other awards. Among other things, the act required the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to establish, no later than January 1, 2008, a publicly accessible Web site contai… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Information Security: Agencies Need to Implement Federal Desktop Core Configuration Requirements

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The increase in security incidents and continuing weakness in security controls on information technology systems at federal agencies highlight the continuing need for improved information security. To standardize and strengthen agencies' security, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), in collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), launched the Federal Desktop Core… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Information Security: Concerted Effort Needed to Consolidate and Secure Internet Connections at Federal Agencies

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "To reduce the threat to federal systems and operations posed by cyber attacks on the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) launched, in November 2007, the Trusted Internet Connections (TIC) initiative, and later, in 2008, the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) National Cybersecurity Protection System (NCPS), operationally known as Einstein, became mandatory for federal agencies a… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Revitalization Programs: Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities, and Renewal Communities

Description: Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Beginning in 1993 and in subsequent legislation in 1997, 1999, and 2000, Congress established the Empowerment Zone (EZ), Enterprise Community (EC), and Renewal Community (RC) programs to reduce unemployment and generate economic growth in selected Census tracts. Urban and rural communities designated as EZs, ECs, or RCs received grants, tax incentives, or a combination of both to stimulate community deve… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Text
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermodynamic States in Explosion Fields

Description: We investigate the thermodynamic states occurring in explosion fields from condensed explosive charges. These states are often modeled with a Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) function. However, the JWL function is not a Fundamental Equation of Thermodynamics, and therefore cannot give a complete specification of such states. We use the Cheetah code of Fried to study the loci of states of the expanded detonation products gases from C-4 charges, and their combustion products air. In the Le Chatelier Plane… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Kuhl, A L
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Carbon contamination topography analysis of EUV masks

Description: The impact of carbon contamination on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) masks is significant due to throughput loss and potential effects on imaging performance. Current carbon contamination research primarily focuses on the lifetime of the multilayer surfaces, determined by reflectivity loss and reduced throughput in EUV exposure tools. However, contamination on patterned EUV masks can cause additional effects on absorbing features and the printed images, as well as impacting the efficiency of cleanin… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Fan, Y.-J.; Yankulin, L.; Thomas, P.; Mbanaso, C.; Antohe, A.; Garg, R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Aerosol indirect effects ? general circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data

Description: Aerosol indirect effects continue to constitute one of the most important uncertainties for anthropogenic climate perturbations. Within the international AEROCOM initiative, the representation of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in ten different general circulation models (GCMs) is evaluated using three satellite datasets. The focus is on stratiform liquid water clouds since most GCMs do not include ice nucleation effects, and none of the model explicitly parameterises aerosol effects on co… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Quaas, Johannes; Ming, Yi; Menon, Surabi; Takemura, Toshihiko; Wang, Minghuai; Penner, Joyce E. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

EUV-multilayers on grating-like topographies

Description: In this study, multilayer morphology near the key anomalies in grating-like structures, namely sharp step-edges and steep walls, are examined. Different deposition schemes are employed. Based on cross section TEM analysis an explanatory model describing the morphology of the successive layers is developed. A further insight into the periodicity and the general performance of the multilayer is obtained by EUV microscopy. The main distortions in multilayer structure and hence EUV performance are … more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: van Boogaard, A. J. R.; Louis, E.; Goldberg, K. A.; Mochi, I. & Bijkerk, F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transverse field-induced nucleation pad switching modes during domain wall injection

Description: We have used magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy (M-TXM) to image in-field magnetization configurations of patterned Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20} domain wall 'injection pads' and attached planar nanowires. Comparison with micromagnetic simulations suggests that the evolution of magnetic domains in rectangular injection pads depends on the relative orientation of closure domains in the remanent state. The magnetization reversal pathway is also altered by the inclusion of transverse magnetic fields. T… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Bryan, M. T.; Fry, P. W.; Schrefl, T.; Gibbs, M. R. J.; Allwood, D. A.; Im, M.-Y. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mask roughness induced LER: a rule of thumb -- paper

Description: Much work has already been done on how both the resist and line-edge roughness (LER) on the mask affect the final printed LER. What is poorly understood, however, is the extent to which system-level effects such as mask surface roughness, illumination conditions, and defocus couple to speckle at the image plane, and currently factor into LER limits. Here, we propose a 'rule-of-thumb' simplified solution that provides a fast and powerful method to obtain mask roughness induced LER. We present mo… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: McClinton, Brittany & Naulleau, Patrick
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Particle removal challenges with EUV patterned mask for the sub-22nm HP node

Description: The particle removal efficiency (PRE) of cleaning processes diminishes whenever the minimum defect size for a specific technology node becomes smaller. For the sub-22 nm half-pitch (HP) node, it was demonstrated that exposure to high power megasonic up to 200 W/cm{sup 2} did not damage 60 nm wide TaBN absorber lines corresponding to the 16 nm HP node on wafer. An ammonium hydroxide mixture and megasonics removes {ge}50 nm SiO{sub 2} particles with a very high PRE, A sulfuric acid hydrogen perox… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Rastegar, A.; Eichenlaub, S.; Kadaksham, A. J.; Lee, B.; House, M.; Huh, S. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Photon flux requirements for EUV reticle imaging microscopy in the 22 and 16 nm nodes

Description: EUV-wavelength actinic microscopy yields detailed information about EUV mask patterns, architectures, defects, and the performance of defect repair strategies, without the complications of photoresist imaging. The measured aerial image intensity profiles provide valuable feedback to improve mask and lithography system modeling methods. In order to understand the photon-flux-dependent pattern measurement limits of EUV mask-imaging microscopy, we have investigated the effects of shot noise on aer… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Wintz, D.; Goldberg, K. A.; Mochi, I. & Huh, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A study of defects on EUV mask using blank inspection, patterned mask inspection, and wafer inspection

Description: The availability of defect-free masks remains one of the key challenges for inserting extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) into high volume manufacturing. yet link data is available for understanding native defects on real masks. In this paper, a full-field EUV mask is fabricated to investigate the printability of various defects on the mask. The printability of defects and identification of their source from mask fabrication to handling were studied using wafer inspection. The printable blan… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Huh, S.; Ren, L.; Chan, D.; Wurm, S.; Goldberg, K. A.; Mochi, I. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Peroxide Destruction Testing for the 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility

Description: The hydrogen peroxide decomposer columns at the 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) have been taken out of service due to ongoing problems with particulate fines and poor destruction performance from the granular activated carbon (GAC) used in the columns. An alternative search was initiated and led to bench scale testing and then pilot scale testing. Based on the bench scale testing three manganese dioxide based catalysts were evaluated in the peroxide destruction pilot column installed… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Halgren, D. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Printability and inspectability of programmed pit defects on teh masks in EUV lithography

Description: Printability and inspectability of phase defects in ELlVL mask originated from substrate pit were investigated. For this purpose, PDMs with programmed pits on substrate were fabricated using different ML sources from several suppliers. Simulations with 32-nm HP L/S show that substrate pits with below {approx}20 nm in depth would not be printed on the wafer if they could be smoothed by ML process down to {approx}1 nm in depth on ML surface. Through the investigation of inspectability for program… more
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Kang, I. Y.; Seo, H. S.; Ahn, B. S.; Lee, D. G.; Kim, D.; Huh, S. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues

Description: This report provides an overview of the U.S.-China relationship, recent developments in the relationship, Obama Administration policy toward China, and a summary of legislation related to China in the 113th and 112th Congresses.
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Lum, Thomas
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Iran Sanctions

Description: This report focuses on the United States' relationship with Iran and how the Obama Administration is handling prior administration's economic sanctions against Iran. The Obama Administration's policy approach toward Iran has contrasted with the Bush Administration's by attempting to couple the imposition of sanctions to an active and direct U.S. effort to negotiate with Iran on the nuclear issue.
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Earthquake Risk, Insurance, and Recovery: Issues for Congress

Description: This report examines earthquake catastrophe risk and insurance in the United States in light of recent developments, particularly the devastating earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. It examines both traditional and non-traditional approaches for financing recovery from earthquake losses as well as challenges in financing catastrophe losses with insurance.
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: King, Rawle O.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Nanotechnology: A Policy Primer

Description: This report provides an overview of the nanotechnology that is believed by many to offer extraordinary economic and societal benefits and two others: nanomanufacturing and public understanding of and attitudes toward nanotechnology.
Date: March 12, 2010
Creator: Sargent, John F., Jr.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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