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Rapid, Absolute Calibration of X-ray Filters Employed By Laser-Produced Plasma Diagnostics

Description: The electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is being used to absolutely calibrate the transmission efficiency of X-ray filters employed by diodes and spectrometers used to diagnose laser-produced plasmas. EBIT emits strong, discrete monoenergetic lines at appropriately chosen X-ray energies. X-rays are detected using the high-resolution EBIT calorimeter spectrometer (ECS), developed for LLNL at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. X-ray filter trans… more
Date: May 11, 2008
Creator: Brown, G. V.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Emig, J.; Frankel, M.; Gu, M. F.; Heeter, R. F. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Comparison of Proliferation Resistance Measures of Misuse Scenarios Using a Markov Approach

Description: Misuse of declared nuclear facilities is one of the important proliferation threats. The robustness of a facility against these threats is characterized by a number of proliferation resistance (PR) measures. This paper evaluates and compares PR measures for several misuse scenarios using a Markov model approach to implement the pathway analysis methodology being developed by the PR&PP (Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection) Expert Group. Different misue strategies can be adopted … more
Date: May 11, 2008
Creator: Yue, M.; Cheng, L. Y. & Bari, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Impact of Retail Rate Structures on the Economics of Commercial Photovoltaic Systems in California

Description: This article examines the impact of retail electricity rate design on the economic value of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, focusing on commercial customers in California. Using 15-minute interval building load and PV production data from a sample of 24 actual commercial PV installations, we compare the value of the bill savings across 20 commercial-customer retail electricity rates currently offered in the state. Across all combinations of customers and rates, we find that the annual… more
Date: May 11, 2008
Creator: Mills, Andrew; Wiser, Ryan; Barbose, Galen & Golove, William
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Band Gap Energy of Chalcopyrite Thin Film Solar Cell Absorbers Determined by Soft X-Ray Emission and Absorption Spectroscopy

Description: The chemical and electronic structure of high efficiency chalcopyrite thin film solar cell absorbers significantly differs between the surface and the bulk. While it is widely accepted that the absorber surface exhibits a Cu-poor surface phase with increased band gap (Eg), a direct access to the crucial information of the depth-dependency of Eg is still missing. In this paper, we demonstrate that a combination of x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy allows a determination of Eg in the sur… more
Date: May 11, 2008
Creator: Bar, M.; Weinhardt, L.; Pookpanratana, S.; Heske, C.; Nishiwaki, S.; Shafarman, W. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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