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Experimental Investigation of Direct Freeze Separation Process Using Refrigerant R-C318 (Octafluorocyclobutane)

Description: Report concerning the possible use of octafluorocyclobutane, R-C318, being used in the direct freezing process as a means of extracting fresh water from sea water. Topics include using R-C318 to make ice, flash precooling, design of a small direct freezing pilot plant using R-C318, and related economic studies.
Date: April 1967
Creator: Johnson, C. A.; Moore, S. J.; Wagaman, N. D. & Sandell, D. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Economic Effects of Mineral Content in Municipal Water Supplies

Description: Report describing the application of conventional cost experience to physical features of source of supply, treatment, pumping, transmission, distribution, and storage for community water supply sources. Some costs due to readily removable water quality characteristics like suspended solids, color, taste, and order are measurable, as are other conventional costs of operation and maintenance. Other costs related to an excess of dissolved solids, however, tend to be unknown and are the subject of… more
Date: May 1967
Creator: Black & Veatch
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of Liquid-Liquid Heat Transfer for Large-Scale Desalination

Description: Report evaluating the possibility of eliminating corrodible metallic heat transfer surfaces from sea water desalination streams, using direct-contact liquid-liquid heat transfer instead.
Date: April 1967
Creator: Kern, D. Q.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Scale Control With Graphite Heat-Transfer Tubes of Controlled Permeability to Steam

Description: From Introduction: "The present project authorized under OSW Contract No. 14-01-0001-685 was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of controlling calcium sulfate scale by permission of condensate through graphite heat-transfer tubes. Specifically, the following tasks were accomplished during the course of this contract: Graphite tubes 108" long X 2" O.D. x 1 1/2" I.D. were manufactured at three permeability levels. A test apparatus was constructed and proved out as a useful and reliable pro… more
Date: July 1967
Creator: Vaaler, L. E. & Hulswitt, C. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of Concrete and Related Materials for Desalination Plants: Second Annual Progress Report

Description: Report investigating concrete for use in a sea water desalination plant. Concretes containing both natural and limestone aggregates were tested under the temperature, pressure, salinity, and structural stress conditions that could be expected in such a plant.
Date: June 1968
Creator: United States. Bureau of Reclamation.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Third Annual Report: Brackish Water Conversion Demonstration Plant Number 4, Roswell, New Mexico

Description: From Abstract: "Primary interest was placed on the scale formation problem. Significant improvements were made in the process and described in this report. Maintenance requirements were unusually high during the year, primarily as a result of cumulative corrosion damage over the last three years. The most significant damage was in the circulating pumps, the heat exchangers and feed piping. These and other failures are described."
Date: March 1967
Creator: American Hydrotherm Corporation
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dropwise Condensation Characteristics of Permanent Hydrophobic Systems

Description: Report regarding the development of a new approach to dropwise condensation, understanding the role of nucleation in the process, and the possibility of permanent dropwise condensing surfaces. Report includes historical background, experiments with elements and dropwise condensation, economic considerations, and publications that came from his program.
Date: April 1966
Creator: The Franklin Institute
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research on Pumping Unit Studies: Final Evaluation Report

Description: From Introduction and Purpose of Studies: "The Bureau of Reclamation was engaged to administer contracts with pump manufactures to supply data on large pumping units capable of withstanding aerated sea water and the hot brine solutions to be encountered in such plants. The data, as evaluated in this report, are to be made available to 15 or more architect-engineers who have been engaged to prepare conceptual designs of the treatment plants."
Date: September 1966
Creator: United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Office of Chief Engineer.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Engineering Study of the Potentialities and Possibilities of Desalting for Northern New Jersey and New York City

Description: Report that includes results and methodology from an engineering study regarding drought in Northern New Jersey and New York City. Topics include the area's water systems, the possible integration of desalting plants, and the potential costs of such plants.
Date: September 1966
Creator: Ralph M. Parsons Company
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Transport Processes in Electrochemically Controlled Ion-Exchange Desalination

Description: From Summary: "The results of such experiments are summarized as follows: 1. Anion-responsive electrodes formed with Kraton, graphite, Norit, and Amberlite CG-4B demineralized well at currents up to 10 milli-amperes; regeneration was efficient up to 8 milliamperes. 2. Satisfactory anion-responsive electrodes containing Amberlite IRA-68 could only be formed when resin was first ground while in the sulfate form; it was required that it be added to the paste mixture (Kraton, Norit, and graphite) i… more
Date: March 1969
Creator: Evans, S.; Accomazzo, M. A.; Accomazzo, J. E.; Ladacki, M. & Lossett, K. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of Water Purification Systems Based on Reverse Osmosis

Description: Report demonstrating the concept of a small and disposable reverse-osmosis cartridge. Research includes "1) a search for suitable membrane supporting structures and materials during which the hydrodynamic characteristics of a number of potential materials were evaluated, 2) the evaluation of reverse-osmosis membranes cast directly on support materials and on reinforcing materials, and 3) the design, fabrication and testing of a small reverse-osmosis cartridge" (p. 1).
Date: April 1969
Creator: Ellington, R. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sea Water Corrosion Test Program

Description: From Introduction: "The first demonstration plant sponsored by the Office of Saline Water was located in Freeport, Texas, and came 'on stream" in 1961. The incoming sea water was deaerated since both Speller (6) and Uhlig (7) recognized that dissolved oxygen was usually the controlling factor in the corrosion of iron stream condensate at temperatures even as high 400 degrees F. The water was acidified prior to daeration with H2SO4 to decompose the carbonates which subsequently would cause scale… more
Date: March 1969
Creator: Behrens, H. C.; Martin, F. D.; Osborn, O.; Rice, L.; Russell, W. B.; Schreiber, C. F. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Equipment Components for Large Evaporator Plants: A Summary Report

Description: Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over studies conducted on equipment needed at seawater distillation plants. Each equipment component is discussed in detail. This report includes tables, illustrations, and a photograph.
Date: November 1967
Creator: Hammond, R. P.; Mitchell, B. E. & Spiewak, I.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Investigation of Membrane Stack Resistance Increase With a Natural Brackish Water

Description: From Introduction: "An investigation was undertaken by the Bureau of Reclamation to identify the cause of causes of this problem with a particular brackish water. The resistance increase of is of great concern principally because of the increase in power consumption that ultimately contributes to a higher cost for product water. Reports show that membrane stack resistance has increased as much as 200 percent over period of several days."
Date: January 1968
Creator: Furukawa, D. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of Brine Desulfating Process As Applied To Desalination Phase 1

Description: Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over studies conducted on the desulfating process at desalination plants. As stated in the introduction, "the explicit purpose of this study is to determine whether or not application of the feed-water desulfating process to the feed to a desalting plant will reduce the overall cost of desalted water" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations.
Date: October 1967
Creator: Ennis, Charles E.; Gelblum, G. P. & Pechenick, William
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of a Thin-Liquid-Film Membrane Unit for Desalination by Reverse Osmosis

Description: Report describing a contract to study laminar flow in narrow channels as a possible alternative to turbulent flow in wider channels for minimizing the losses in efficiency due to concentration polarization in the reverse osmosis process for desalination of sea water. A laboratory study and a practical study were both undertaken.
Date: June 1969
Creator: Davies, D. S. & Canamare, J. G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Process and Configuration Development for Tubular Reverse Osmosis Units

Description: From Introduction and Summary: "The overall objective of this program was to develop an economical tubular reverse osmosis system for desalination of brackish water. Major emphasis was placed on the following aspects of the system. The work accomplished is summarized in the following paragraphs."
Date: May 1969
Creator: Fluke, G. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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