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Ion exchange phenomena

Description: Ion exchange phenomena involve the population of readily exchangeable ions, the subset of adsorbed solutes that balance the intrinsic surface charge and can be readily replaced by major background electrolyte ions (Sposito, 2008). These phenomena have occupied a central place in soil chemistry research since Way (1850) first showed that potassium uptake by soils resulted in the release of an equal quantity of moles of charge of calcium and magnesium. Ion exchange phenomena are now routinely mod… more
Date: May 1, 2011
Creator: Bourg, I.C. & Sposito, G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Geologic carbon sequestration as a global strategy to mitigate CO2 emissions: Sustainability and environmental risk

Description: Fossil fuels are abundant, inexpensive to produce, and are easily converted to usable energy by combustion as demonstrated by mankind's dependence on fossil fuels for over 80% of its primary energy supply (13). This reliance on fossil fuels comes with the cost of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) emissions that exceed the rate at which CO{sub 2} can be absorbed by terrestrial and oceanic systems worldwide resulting in increases in atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration as recorded by direct measurements … more
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Oldenburg, C.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ground vibration

Description: No Description Available.
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Montag, C. & Rossbach, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Role of Disturbance in Dry Tropical Forest Landscapes

Description: Disturbance can be defined as 'any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment'. This definition requires that the spatial and temporal scales of the system and disturbance be determined. Disturbances are typically characterized by their size, spatial distribution, frequency or return time, predictability, and magnitude (which includes both intensity and severity). These … more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Dale, Virginia H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Methods for Engineering Sulfate Reducing Bacteria of the Genus Desulfovibrio

Description: Sulfate reducing bacteria are physiologically important given their nearly ubiquitous presence and have important applications in the areas of bioremediation and bioenergy. This chapter provides details on the steps used for homologous-recombination mediated chromosomal manipulation of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, a well-studied sulfate reducer. More specifically, we focus on the implementation of a 'parts' based approach for suicide vector assembly, important aspects of anaerobic cult… more
Date: March 15, 2011
Creator: Chhabra, Swapnil R; Keller, Kimberly L. & Wall, Judy D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Processing of Soybean Oil into Fuels

Description: Abundant and easily refined, petroleum has provided high energy density liquid fuels for a century. However, recent price fluctuations, shortages, and concerns over the long term supply and greenhouse gas emissions have encouraged the development of alternatives to petroleum for liquid transportation fuels (Van Gerpen, Shanks et al. 2004). Plant-based fuels include short chain alcohols, now blended with gasoline, and biodiesels, commonly derived from seed oils. Of plant-derived diesel feedstock… more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: McFarlane, Joanna
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

NUCLEAR FORENSICS ANALYSIS CENTER FORENSIC ANALYSIS TO DATA INTERPRETATION

Description: The Nuclear Forensics Analysis Center (NFAC) is part of Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and is one of only two USG National Laboratories accredited to perform nuclear forensic analyses to the requirements of ISO 17025. SRNL NFAC is capable of analyzing nuclear and radiological samples from bulk material to ultra-trace samples. NFAC provides analytical support to the FBI's Radiological Evidence Examination Facility (REEF), which is located within SRNL. REEF gives the FBI the capability… more
Date: February 7, 2011
Creator: Nichols, T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Metabolic engineering of E.coli for the production of a precursor to artemisinin, an anti-malarial drug

Description: This document is Chapter 25 in the Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3rd edition. Topics covered include: Incorporation of Amorpha-4,11-Diene Biosynthetic Pathway into E. coli; Amorpha-4,11-Diene Pathway Optimization; "-Omics" Analyses for Increased Amorpha-4,11-Diene Production; Biosynthetic Oxidation of Amorpha-4,11-Diene.
Date: July 18, 2011
Creator: Petzold, Christopher & Keasling, Jay
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

MPACT FY2011 Advanced Time-Correlated Measurement Research at INL

Description: Simulations and experiments have been carried out to investigate advanced time-correlated measurement methods for characterizing and assaying nuclear material for safeguarding the nuclear fuel cycle. These activities are part of a project studying advanced instrumentation techniques in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cycle Research and Development program and its Materials Protection, Accounting, and Control Technologies (MPACT) program. For fiscal year 2011 work focused on exam… more
Date: September 1, 2011
Creator: Chichester, D. L.; Pozzi, S. A.; Dolan, J. L.; Flaska, M. & Watson, S. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Who's In The Dark: Satellite Based Estimates Of Electrification Rates

Description: A technique has been developed to estimate the percent population having electric power access based on the presence of satellite detected nighttime lighting. A global survey was conducted for the year 2006 using nighttime lights collected by the U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) in combination with the U.S. Department of Energy Landscan population dataset. The survey includes results for 229 countries and more than 2000 subnational units. The results are compared t… more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Elvidge, Christopher D.; Baugh, Kimberly E.; Sutton, Paul S.; Bhaduri, Budhendra L; Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Ghosh, Tilottama et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research Workshop (CSIIRW'11) Proceedings

Description: The energy industry is embarking upon an infrastructure transformation that will result in a national power grid that is more intelligent, robust, resilient, and secure. While the final form will not be known for quite some time, clearly a smarter grid will make better use of information. Whether an electric utility is making real-time adjustments in response to changing load conditions, or commercial and private consumers are making better choices, the timely availability of this information w… more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Sheldon, Frederick T; Abercrombie, Robert K & Krings, Axel
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparative assessment of status and opportunities for carbon Dioxide Capture and storage and Radioactive Waste Disposal In North America

Description: Aside from the target storage regions being underground, geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) and radioactive waste disposal (RWD) share little in common in North America. The large volume of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) needed to be sequestered along with its relatively benign health effects present a sharp contrast to the limited volumes and hazardous nature of high-level radioactive waste (RW). There is well-documented capacity in North America for 100 years or more of sequestration of CO{sub 2… more
Date: July 22, 2011
Creator: Oldenburg, C. & Birkholzer, J.T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A View on Future Building System Modeling and Simulation

Description: This chapter presents what a future environment for building system modeling and simulation may look like. As buildings continue to require increased performance and better comfort, their energy and control systems are becoming more integrated and complex. We therefore focus in this chapter on the modeling, simulation and analysis of building energy and control systems. Such systems can be classified as heterogeneous systems because they involve multiple domains, such as thermodynamics, fluid d… more
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Wetter, Michael
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

On the Computation of Integral Curves in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Vector Fields

Description: Integral curves, such as streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, and timelines, are an essential tool in the analysis of vector field structures, offering straightforward and intuitive interpretation of visualization results. While such curves have a long-standing tradition in vector field visualization, their application to Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) simulation results poses unique problems. AMR is a highly effective discretization method for a variety of physical simulation problems and has … more
Date: June 27, 2011
Creator: Deines, Eduard; Weber, Gunther H.; Garth, Christoph; Van Straalen, Brian; Borovikov, Sergey; Martin, Daniel F. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Storage Rings

Description: Storage rings are circular machines that store particle beams at a constant energy. Beams are stored in rings without acceleration for a number of reasons (Tab. 1). Storage rings are used in high-energy, nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics, as well as for experiments in chemistry, material and life sciences. Parameters for storage rings such as particle species, energy, beam intensity, beam size, and store time vary widely depending on the application. The beam must be injected into a storag… more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Fischer, W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Vibration Control in Accelerators

Description: In the vast majority of accelerator applications, ground vibration amplitudes are well below tolerable magnet jitter amplitudes. In these cases, it is necessary and sufficient to design a rigid magnet support structure that does not amplify ground vibration. Since accelerator beam lines are typically installed at an elevation of 1-2m above ground level, special care has to be taken in order to avoid designing a support structure that acts like an inverted pendulum with a low resonance frequency… more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Montag, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Stochastic Cooling

Description: Stochastic Cooling was invented by Simon van der Meer and was demonstrated at the CERN ISR and ICE (Initial Cooling Experiment). Operational systems were developed at Fermilab and CERN. A complete theory of cooling of unbunched beams was developed, and was applied at CERN and Fermilab. Several new and existing rings employ coasting beam cooling. Bunched beam cooling was demonstrated in ICE and has been observed in several rings designed for coasting beam cooling. High energy bunched beams have … more
Date: January 1, 2011
Creator: Blaskiewicz, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Topological Cacti: Visualizing Contour-based Statistics

Description: Contours, the connected components of level sets, play an important role in understanding the global structure of a scalar field. In particular their nestingbehavior and topology-often represented in form of a contour tree-have been used extensively for visualization and analysis. However, traditional contour trees onlyencode structural properties like number of contours or the nesting of contours, but little quantitative information such as volume or other statistics. Here we use thesegmentati… more
Date: May 26, 2011
Creator: Weber, Gunther H.; Bremer, Peer-Timo & Pascucci, Valerio
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Going Extreme For Small Solutions To Big Environmental Challenges

Description: This chapter is devoted to the scale, scope, and specific issues confronting the cleanup and long-term disposal of the U.S. nuclear legacy generated during WWII and the Cold War Era. The research reported is aimed at complex microbiological interactions with legacy waste materials generated by past nuclear production activities in the United States. The intended purpose of this research is to identify cost effective solutions to the specific problems (stability) and environmental challenges (fa… more
Date: March 31, 2011
Creator: Bagwell, Christopher E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Composite Materials under Extreme Radiation and Temperature Environments of the Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

Description: In the nuclear energy renaissance, driven by fission reactor concepts utilizing very high temperatures and fast neutron spectra, materials with enhanced performance that exceeds are expected to play a central role. With the operating temperatures of the Generation III reactors bringing the classical reactor materials close to their performance limits there is an urgent need to develop and qualify new alloys and composites. Efforts have been focused on the intricate relations and the high demand… more
Date: May 1, 2011
Creator: Simos, N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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