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Aerodynamic Characteristics of Thin Empirical Profiles and Their Application to the Tail Surfaces and Ailerons of Airplanes

Description: From Introduction: "The increasing use of airplane wings equipped with ailerons and the importance of knowing the aerodynamic characteristics of tail units (empennages) provided with movable parts (rudders and elevators) impart some interest to the so-called "empirical profiles." For this purpose we thought best to employ the method proposed by Munk for the approximate theoretical study of thin, slightly curved profiles, assimilable, from an aerodynamic view-point, to their mean camber line."
Date: December 1928
Creator: Toussaint, A. & Carafoli, E.
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Aerodynamics of the Fuselage

Description: "The present report deals with a number of problems, particularly with the interaction of the fuselage with the wing and tail, on the basis of simple calculating method's derived from greatly idealized concepts. For the fuselage alone it affords, in variance with potential theory, a certain frictional lift in yawed flow, which, similar to the lift of a wing of small aspect ratio, is no longer linearly related to the angle of attack. Nevertheless there exists for this frictional lift something l… more
Date: December 1942
Creator: Multhopp, H.
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Aeronautical Record: No. 1 (to June, 1923)

Description: Memorandum presenting an overview of the development of aeronautical industries and commercial aircraft as well as some of the problems that are resulting from it. Details of the aeronautical budget in various countries, organization of the air service, material exports, and airline operations are provided.
Date: December 1923
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Airplane Drag

Description: It has been less well understood that the induced drag (or, better said, the undesired increase in the induced drag as compared with the theoretical minimum calculated by Prandtl) plays a decisive role in the process of taking off and therefore in the requisite engine power. This paper seeks to clarify the induced drag.
Date: December 1929
Creator: Töpfer, Carl
open access

Automatic Stability of Airplanes

Description: It is endeavored in this report to give a full outline of the problem of airplane stability and to classify the proposed solutions systematically. Longitudinal stability, which can be studied separately, is considered first. The combination of lateral and directional stabilities, which cannot be separated, will be dealt with later.
Date: December 1932
Creator: Haus
open access

Automatic Stabilization

Description: This report lays more stress on the principles underlying automatic piloting than on the means of applications. Mechanical details of servomotors and the mechanical release device necessary to assure instantaneous return of the controls to the pilot in case of malfunction are not included. Descriptions are provided of various commercial systems.
Date: December 1936
Creator: Haus
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The Balance of Moments and the Static Longitudinal Stability of Airplanes

Description: A nomogram is developed which renders it possible by drawing a few lines, to determine: the location of the center of gravity for zero wing and tail moments; the longitudinal dihedral angle; the tail coefficient F(sub h) iota/F(sub t). Moreover there is no difficulty in determining the magnitude of the restoring moment or of the unstable moment.
Date: December 1929
Creator: Müller, Horst
open access

Balloon Fabrics Made of Goldbeater's Skins

Description: Goldbeater's skin, which is the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of an ox, is examined as a balloon fabric and details of how goldbeater's skin is prepared for use are provided. The construction techniques employed by Germany, France, and England are all discussed.
Date: December 1922
Creator: Chollet, L.
open access

The Breda Wind Tunnel

Description: A description of the design and construction of the Breda wind tunnel. The tunnel is equipped with a two-meter throat diameter and a 310 kph velocity potential.
Date: December 1939
Creator: Pittoni, Mario
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Calculating Thrust Distribution and Efficiency of Air Propellers

Description: I am now proposing a method for the preliminary approximate calculation of the thrust distribution and efficiency of air propellers under any operating conditions. Our task becomes the following, namely, to determine the speed relations and the forces developed on a section with a given direction and velocity of the air current, a problem which can be solved with the aid of the momentum theory.
Date: December 1927
Creator: Bienen, Theodor
open access

Calculation of the Pressures on Aircraft Engine Bearings

Description: For aircraft engines the three principal operating conditions are idling speed, cruising speed, and diving with the engine stopped. In what follows, we will discuss a method which affords a good idea of the course of pressure for the above mentioned operating conditions. The pressures produced in the driving gear are of three kinds; namely, the pressure due to gases, the pressure due to the inertia of the rotating masses, and the pressure due to the inertia of the reciprocating masses.
Date: December 1929
Creator: Steigenberger, O.
open access

The Cetene Scale and the Induction Period Preceding the Spontaneous Ignition of Diesel Fuels in Bombs

Description: In the present report a comparison is made between the scale obtained with mixtures of cetane and l-methyl naphthalene in a bomb, and that obtained with the same fuels in a Waukesha engine. The tests were conducted in a metal bomb heated by a Nichrome spiral. The fuel was injected into the bomb from a Bosch jet by means of a specially constructed plunger pump. The instant injection and the pressure curve in the bomb were registered by a beam of light which was reflected from a mirror connected … more
Date: December 1936
Creator: Michailova, M. N. & Neumann, M. B.
open access

Chordwise Load Distribution of a Simple Rectangular Wing

Description: The chordwise distribution theory was taken over from the theory of the infinite wing. Since in this work a series expansion in b/t was used, the computation converges only for large aspect ratios. In this paper a useful approximate solution will be found also for wings with large chord - i.e., small aspect ratio.
Date: December 1940
Creator: Wieghardt, Karl
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Commercial Airplanes and Seaplanes: Thick Wings or Thin Wings - All Metal or Mixed Construction

Description: In this report we will consider, as the dominating characteristic, either the load carried, the speed, the radius of action, the fuel consumption, the activity of transport, or, lastly, the qualities of comfort and safety. The first four factors determine the theoretical efficiency, while the others determine its practical efficiency.
Date: December 1922
Creator: Point
open access

Concerning the Flow About Ring-Shaped Cowlings Part 6: Further Measurements on Inlet Devices

Description: "The present report presents as a supplement to the fourth report (available as ATI 5045, Air Materiel Command) in the series of investigations concerning the flow about ring-shaped cowlings further wind-tunnel measurements on inlet devices which are to show the influence of the radius of the nose of the cowling on the flow conditions. Moreover, a simple rule for the design of such arrangements, containing a hub in the interior, is suggested" (p. 1).
Date: December 1951
Creator: Küchemann, Dietrich & Weber, Johanna
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Contribution to the Aerodynamics of Rotating-Wing Aircraft

Description: "The chief defect of the investigations up to now was the assumption of a more or less arbitrary "mean" drag coefficient for a section of the blade. This defect is remedied through replacement of the constant coefficient by a function of higher order which corresponds to the polar curve of the employed profile. In that way it is possible to extend the theory to include the entire range from "autogyro" without power input to the driven "helicopter" with forward-tilted rotor axis. The treatment i… more
Date: December 1939
Creator: Sissingh, G.
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Contribution to the Aileron Theory

Description: "In an attempt to treat theoretically the effect of ailerons, difficulty arises because an aileron may begin at any point of the wing. Hence the question arises as to how the transition of the lift distribution proceeds at such a point, since the effect of the aileron (i.e., the moment generated about the longitudinal axis) depends largely on this distribution. In order to answer this question regarding the lift distribution during irregular variations in the angle of attack at first independen… more
Date: December 1929
Creator: Betz, A. & Petersohn, E.
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Contribution to the Theory of Tail-Wheel Shimmy

Description: A basic theoretical and experimental investigation is made of the shimmy behavior of a swiveling landing gear, the experimental tests being conducted with a small wheel mounted over a continuous belt. Effects of wheel loading, rolling velocity, rearward position of the wheel with respect to the swivel axis, tire elasticity, and torsional flexibility of the fuselage are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A major theoretical conclusion is that the motion of a landing gear moving … more
Date: December 1954
Creator: Melzer, M.
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The Coupling of Flexural Propeller Vibrations with the Torsional Crankshaft Vibrations

Description: The exact mathematical treatment of the problem is possible by replacing the propeller blade by a homogeneous prismatic rod. Conclusions can them be drawn as to the behavior of an actual propeller, since tests on propeller blades have indicated a qualitative agreement with the homogeneous rod. The natural frequencies are determined and the stressing of the systems under the various vibration modes are discussed.
Date: December 1943
Creator: Meyer, J.
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Dependence of Propeller Efficiency on Angle of Attack of Propeller Blade

Description: In order to determine the maximum and the most favorable pitch for a propeller, it was found desirable to investigate the dependence of propeller efficiency on the angle of attack of the propeller blade. The results of a few experiments are given to show that propeller blades conduct themselves just like airplane wings with reference to the dependence of their efficiency on their angle of attack.
Date: December 1921
Creator: Borck, Hermann
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Depreciation of Aircraft

Description: Report presenting an examination of the concept that aircraft are essentially fragile and deteriorate rapidly when in service, which the author considers to be a misunderstanding due to the intense conditions occurring during war. Some examples of commercial airplane lines that have been running for several years and some potential deterioration costs that must be considered are provided.
Date: December 1922
Creator: Warner, Edward P.
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