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25. anniversary of the 1973 oil embargo: Energy trends since the first major U.S. energy crisis

Description: The purpose of this publication is not to assess the causes of the 1973 energy crisis or the measures that were adopted to resolve it. The intent is to present some data on which such analyses can be based. Many of the trends presented here fall into two distinct periods. From 1973 to the mid-1980`s, prices continued at very high levels, in part because of a second oil shock in 1979--80. During this period, rapid progress was made in raising American oil production, reducing dependence on oil i… more
Date: August 1, 1998
open access

105-K Basin material design basis feed description for spent nuclear fuel project facilities. Volume 2: Sludge

Description: Volume 2 provides the design feed compositions for the baseline K East and K West Basin sludge process streams expected to be generated during Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Project activities. Four types of feeds are required to support evaluation of specific facility and process considerations during the development of new facilities and processes. These four design feeds provide nominal and bounding conditions for design evaluations. Volume 2 includes definition of inventories for: (1) KE and KW B… more
Date: August 30, 1998
Creator: Pearce, K. L.
open access

1997 annual site environmental report, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada

Description: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) operates the Tonopah Test Range for the Department of Energy's (DOE) Weapons Ordnance Program. Thes annual report (calendar year 1997) summarizes the compliance status to environmental regulations applicable at the site including those statutes that govern air and water quality, waste management, cleanup of contaminated areas, control of toxic substances, and adherence to requirements as related to the National Environmental Policy Act. In compliance with DOE … more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Culp, Todd; Duncan, Dianne (ed.); Forston, William & Sanchez, Rebecca (ed.)
open access

1997 State-by-State Assessment of Low-Level Radioactive Wastes Received at Commercial Disposal Sites

Description: Each year the National Low-Level Waste Management Program publishes a state-by-state assessment report. This report provides both national and state-specific disposal data on low-level radioactive waste commercially disposed in the United States. Data in this report are categorized according to disposal site, generator category, waste class, volumes, and radionuclide activity. Included in this report are tables showing the distribution of waste by state for 1997 and a comparison of waste volume… more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Fuchs, R. L.
open access

1999 vadose zone monitoring plan and guidance for subsequent years

Description: The US Department of Energy`s Hanford Site has the most diverse and largest amounts of radioactive waste in the US. The majority of the liquid waste was disposed to the soil column where much of it remains today. This document provides the rationale and general framework for vadose zone monitoring at cribs, ditches, trenches and other disposal facilities to detect new sources of contamination and track the movement of existing contamination in the vadose zone for the protection of groundwater. … more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Horton, D. G.; Reidel, S. P. & Last, G. V.
open access

304L stainless steel resistance to cesium chloride

Description: B and W Hanford Company have two Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Type 4 canisters filled with cesium chloride (CsCl) originally produced at WESF (Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility). These canisters are constructed of 304L stainless steel per drawing ORNL 970-294. Instead of removing the CsCl from the Type 4 canisters and repacking into an Inner Capsule, it is intended (for ALARA, schedule and cost purposes) that the Type 4 canisters be decontaminated (scrubbed) and placed [whole] in… more
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Graves, C. E.
open access

Ab initio and density functional studies of hydrocarbon adsorption in zeolites.

Description: The adsorption energies of methane and ethane in zeolites are investigated with ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory. In this work we have used zeolite cluster models containing two, three, and five tetrahedral (Si, Al) atoms and have found equilibrium structures for complexes of methane, ethane, and propane with an acid site. If a large enough cluster is used and correlation effects are included via perturbation theory, the calculated adsorption energy for ethane is… more
Date: August 21, 1998
Creator: Curtiss, L. A.
open access

Acceptance testing of the eddy current probes for measurement of aluminum hydroxide coating thickness on K West Basin fuel elements

Description: During a recent visual inspection campaign of fuel elements stored in the K West Basin, it was noted that fuel elements contained in sealed aluminum canisters had a heavy translucent type coating on their surfaces (Pitner 1997a). Subsequent sampling of this coating in a hot cell (Pitner 1997b) and analysis of the material identified it as aluminum hydroxide. Because of the relatively high water content of this material, safety related concerns are raised with respect to long term storage of thi… more
Date: August 21, 1998
Creator: Pitner, A. L.
open access

Accident sequences simulated at the Juragua nuclear power plant

Description: Different hypothetical accident sequences have been simulated at Unit 1 of the Juragua nuclear power plant in Cuba, a plant with two VVER-440 V213 units under construction. The computer code MELCOR was employed for these simulations. The sequences simulated are: (1) a design-basis accident (DBA) large loss of coolant accident (LOCA) with the emergency core coolant system (ECCS) on, (2) a station blackout (SBO), (3) a small LOCA (SLOCA) concurrent with SBO, (4) a large LOCA (LLOCA) concurrent wi… more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Carbajo, J. J.
open access

Accruals for HANDI 2000 business management system

Description: The Data Integration 2000 Project will result in an integrated and comprehensive set of functional applications containing core information necessary to support the Project Hanford Management Contract. It is based on the Commercial-Off-The-Shelf product solution with commercially proven business processes. The COTS product solution set, of PassPort and People Soft software, supports finance, supply and chemical management/Material Safety Data Sheet, human resources. Accruals are made at the pro… more
Date: August 24, 1998
Creator: Wilson, D.
open access

Achromat With Linear Space Charge for Bunched Beams

Description: The standard definition for an achromat is a transport line having zero values for the spatial dispersion (R16) and the angular dispersion (RZ6). For a bunched beam with linear space charge this definition of achromaticity does not hold. The linear space charge in the presence of a bend provides coupling between (a) bunch spatial width and bunch length (R1.5) and (b) bunch angular spread and bunch length (R25). Therefore, achromaticity should be redefined as a line having zero values of the spa… more
Date: August 23, 1998
Creator: Raparia, D.; Alessi, J. G.; Lee, Y. Y. & Weng, W. T.
open access

Active and passive computed tomography mixed waste focus area final report

Description: The Mixed Waste Focus Area (MWFA) Characterization Development Strategy delineates an approach to resolve technology deficiencies associated with the characterization of mixed wastes. The intent of this strategy is to ensure the availability of technologies to support the Department of Energy� s (DOE) mixed waste low-level or transuranic (TRU) contaminated waste characterization management needs. To this end the MWFA has defined and coordinated characterization development programs to ensure th… more
Date: August 19, 1998
Creator: Roberson, G P
open access

Active power components of instantaneous phasors

Description: The instantaneous phasor method originated by the author to solve power quality and efficiency of three-phase systems with unbalanced and distorted voltages and currents has a unique symmetrical property. The phasors of one phase can be used to represent three phases. The power quality of a three-phase system can be indicated by the roundness of the trajectories of the voltage and current phasors. The fundamental-frequency, positive-sequence components of the immediate past cycle can be obtaine… more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Hsu, J.S.
open access

Adsorption sites in zeolites A and X probed by competitive adsorption of H{sub 2} with N{sub 2} or O{sub 2} : implications for N{sub 2}/O{sub 2} separation.

Description: We determine details of the adsorption of O{sub 2} or N{sub 2} in Na{sup +} and Li{sup +} exchanged zeolites by way of their effect on coadsorbed H{sub 2} molecules using inelastic neutron scattering (INS) techniques. Adsorption site occupancies are deduced with the aid of MC simulations. The expected stronger binding of N{sub 2} (compared with O{sub 2}) in LiX is evident in coadsorption spectra of N{sub 2} or O{sub 2} with H{sub 2}.
Date: August 31, 1998
Creator: Eckert, J.
open access

Adsorption sites in zeolites A and X probed by competitive adsorption of H{sub 2} with N{sub 2} or O{sub 2}: Implications for N{sub 2}/O{sub 2} separation

Description: The authors determine details of the adsorption of O{sub 2} or N{sub 2} in Li{sup +} exchanged zeolites by way of their effect on coadsorbed H{sub 2} molecules using inelastic neutron scattering (INS) techniques. The results clearly show, for example, the absence of type III cations in Li-A and the expected stronger binding of N{sub 2} (compared with O{sub 2}) and thereby provide insight into the relative efficacy of Li-X for O{sub 2}/N{sub 2} separation.
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Eckert, J.; Trouw, F. & Bug, A.L.R.
open access

Advanced austenitic alloys for fossil power systems. CRADA final report

Description: In 1993, a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) was undertaken between Oak Ridge National Laboratory and ABB Combustion Engineering t examine advanced alloys for fossil power systems. Specifically, the use of advanced austenitic stainless steels for superheater/reheater construction in supercritical boilers was examined. The strength of cold-worked austenitic stainless steels was reviewed and compared to the strength and ductility of advanced austenitic stainless steels. The a… more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Swindeman, R. W.; Cole, N. C.; Canonico, D. A. & Henry, J. F.
open access

An Advanced Control System For Fine Coal Flotation

Description: A model-based flotation control scheme is being implemented to achieve optimal performance in the handling and treatment of fine coal. The control scheme monitors flotation performance through on-line analysis of ash content. Then, based on the economic and metallurgical performance of the circuit, variables such as collector dosage, frother dosage, and pulp level are adjusted using model-based control algorithms to compensate for feed variations and other process disturbances. Recent developme… more
Date: August 25, 1998
Creator: Luttrell, G. H. & Adel, G. T.
open access

Advanced Material Distribution Measurement in Multiphase Flows: A Case Study

Description: A variety of tomographic techniques that have been applied to multiphase flows are described. The methods discussed include electrical impedance tomography (EIT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), gamma-densitometry tomography (GDT), radiative particle tracking (RDT), X-ray imaging, and acoustic tomography. Also presented is a case study in which measurements were made with EIT and GDT in two-phase flows. Both solid-liquid and gas-liquid flows were examined. … more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: George, D.L.; Ceccio, S.L.; O`Hern, T.J.; Shollenberger, K.A. & Torczynski, J.R.
open access

Advanced Sulfur Control Concepts in Hot-Gas Desulfurization Technology. Quarterly Report, January 1--March 31, 1998

Description: The last six cycles of a 25-cycle sorbent durability test were completed, final installation of the flame photometric detector was accomplished, and fifteen tests whose aim was to determine the minimum prebreakthrough H{sub 2}S concentration over reduced CeO{sub 2} were performed. There was little, if any, evidence of sorbent deterioration in the durability test. During the durability test the author confirmed that, when using pre-reduced sorbent and a clean system, the prebreakthrough H{sub 2}… more
Date: August 1, 1998
Creator: Harrison, D. P.
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