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Bond Energies, Valence State Energies And Resonance¹,²

Description: Previous attempts to interpret chemical structure in terms of x-electron resonance have been recently criticized. A reinterpretation of the lengths of the C-C bonds in terms of orbital radii has not revealed any effects of x-electron resonance in the ground states of classical molecules such as 1, 3-butadiene, methyl acetylene, etc. Even in a non-classical molecule such as benzene, resonance shortening of the CC bond is only in terms of the strengths of the hybrid orbitals. If the lengths and f… more
Date: February 1961
Creator: Somayajulu, G. R.
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Bremsstrahlung

Description: An electron can suffer a very large acceleration in passing through the Coulomb field of a nucleus, and in this interaction the radiant energy (photons) lost by the electrons is called bremsstrahlung (also, bremsstrahlung sometimes designates the interaction itself). If an electron whose total energy [formula] traverses matter of atomic number Z, the electron loses energy chiefly by bremsstrahlung. This case is considered here.
Date: February 1961
Creator: Kenney, R. W.
open access

Calculation of k-o in a Uranium-Graphite Lattice

Description: Since the 25 content of the uranium to be used in a MTA multiplying lattice is quite uncertain at present, it is necessary to assume various degrees of depletion in order to estimate the multiplication constant K-o and the production of 49 in an infinite uranium-graphite lattice
Date: February 8, 1951
Creator: Adelman, F.
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The Distribution of Pu(VI) and Pu(III) in Thenoyltrifluoracetone-Benzene-Nitric Acid Mixtures

Description: The distribution coefficients of Pu(VI) and Pu(III) have been measured as a function of the TTA, hydrogen ion, and nitrate ion concentrations in the TTA-benzen-nitric acid system. The extraction constants for Pu(VI) and Pu(III) are 1.4 X 10(-2) and 2 X 10(-5), respectively.
Date: February 2, 1952
Creator: Heising, D. L. & Hicks, T. E.
open access

A Dynamic Method For Mercury Vapor Detector Calibration

Description: The calibration of mercury vapor detectors has always posed a problem because of the difficulty of generating known concentrations of mercury vapor in air. The purpose of this study was to design an apparatus that would generate and chemically measure known concentrations of mercury vapor in air for calibration work.
Date: February 21, 1964
Creator: Nelson, Gary O.; Van Sandt, Walter & Barry, Patrick
open access

Effects Of A Magnetic Field On Natural Convection In A Toroidal Channel

Description: The problem of the natural convection of an electrically and thermally conducting fluid within a long, narrow, vertical toroidal channel centered in a large block of an electrically and thermally conducting solid is analyzed. A uniform horizontal magnetic field is applied to the fluid, and the bottom of the solid block is maintained at a higher fixed temperature than the top. The laminar steady-state single-cell convective motion of the fluid is considered and an approximate solution is found f… more
Date: February 1961
Creator: Concus, Paul
open access

Flux in a Rectangular Cavity.

Description: A problem proposed by E. Hart to determine whether there are locally high or low neutron densities at the corners of a cubical cavity in a graphite lattice. To simplify the computations consider an infinite two dimensional lattice with a square cavity that has a point source of neutrons at the center (see Figure 1).
Date: February 4, 1952
Creator: Rosenblum, M.
open access

The Infrared Spectra Of Marginally Metallic Systems, Sodium-Ammonia Solutions

Description: The sodium-ammonia solution system permits investigation of an array of compositions spanning the transition from non-metallic to metallic bonding. Reflection spectra in the range 1-20 [ ] were measured for solutions of mole ratio 5.5 to 168 [ ] per Na. The dilute solutions show peaks characteristic of the vibrations of ammonia and a strong peak near 1.5 [ ] which is assigned to the solvated [ ] species. Concentrated solutions show high reflectivity over broad wavelength ranges. The results for… more
Date: February 1961
Creator: Beckman, Tad A., 1936- & Pitzer, Kenneth S. (Kenneth Sanborn), 1914-1997
open access

Kinematics And Dispersion Relations For General Production Processes

Description: The method of dispersion relations has in recent years found a wide application for the study of elementary particle reactions. Most of the work, however, deals with reactions of the type [formula], while the theory of those with more than two particles in the final state is still in a very preliminary stage. One reason for this is that even with only three particles in the final state the theory is already much more complicated. Nevertheless, a further development of the theory seemed to us ve… more
Date: February 2, 1961
Creator: Kretzschmar, Martin
open access

LRL Fortran-Fortran

Description: Late in 1962, a group in the Computation Division at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, began a study of compiler languages and techniques, the culmination of which was a machine independent FORTRAN written in FORTRAN. The impetus behind this study was a local need to move rapidly and efficiently from one machine to another. A secondary incentive was the need to be able to implement language extensions without the customarily long gestation period. Because of a large inventory of FORTRAN… more
Date: February 1964
Creator: Mendicino, S.; Storch, D. & Sutherland, G.
open access

Meson-Mass Measurements II - On the Measurement of the Masses of Charged Pions

Description: This paper describes the method developed and the results obtained in an extensive program of measurement of the masses of charged pions. Measurements were made of the total ranges in nuclear track emulsion and the momenta (obtained from the curving of the particle trajectory in the magnetic field of the 184-inch cyclotron) of pions and protons of nearly the same velocity.
Date: February 2, 1954
Creator: Smith, Frances M.
open access

Modes of Acceleration of Ions in a 3-DEE Cyclotron.

Description: The analysis shows that a symmetrical three-dee cyclotron accelerating ions below relativistic velocities has the property that ions of different e/m rations can be accelerated without changing the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the dees or the value of the magnetic field. The energy gain per revolution of the ions which can be accelerated in the various modes are found, considering three identical dees of arbitrary angular widths. For these calculations it has been assumed tha… more
Date: February 29, 1952
Creator: Jakobson, M.; Heusinkveld, M. & Ruby, L.
open access

Nuclear Excavation Technology

Description: Nuclear excavation is the name given to the concept of using large scale nuclear explosion craters for useful projects, such as harbors, canals, and roadway cuts. It is one of the principal applications of the Plowshare Program for industrial, or peaceful, uses of nuclear explosives. Plowshare is sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and is under the technical direction of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at Livermore, California. The purpose of this paper is to describe cratering con… more
Date: February 10, 1964
Creator: Nordyke, Milo D.
open access

Orbital Radii, Bond Length And Resonance

Description: The radius of a c-p hybrid orbital has been found to be given by the expression: [formula] where A is the radius of the pure p orbital, B, a universal constant equal to 0.336 A, and [ ], the coefficient of mixing in the hybrid s + [ ]. When radii appropriate for the orbitals that are paired together are used, bond length is additive of the orbital radii and no Schomaker-Stevenson correction is necessary. This shows that most bonds can be treated as covalent, single and localized.
Date: February 1961
Creator: Somayajulu, G. R.
open access

Preburst Resistance and Temperature of Exploding Wires

Description: It has been shown that the time of burst of exploding wires can be predicted from known thermodynamic and electrical properties of the wire materials under some conditions. The mathematical relationships are a set of integrals (transformation time integrals) similar in form to the empirical "action integrals" sometimes used in exploding wire work. This paper discusses the use of the transformation time integrals to calculate the resistance and temperature of a wire as a function of time up to t… more
Date: February 24, 1964
Creator: Maninger, R. C.
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