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open access

Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

Description: This report collects statistics from a variety of sources on casualties sustained during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). OEF actions took place primarily in Afghanistan; however, OEF casualties also include American casualties in Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Guantanamo Bay (Cuba), Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, the Philippines, Seychelles, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Yemen.
Date: December 6, 2012
Creator: Chesser, Susan G.
open access

Afghanistan: Connections to Islamic Movements In Central and South Asia and Southern Russia

Description: After several years of relative peace in Central Asia and southern Russia, Islamic extremist movements have become more active in Russia and in Central and South Asia, threatening stability in the region. Although numerous factors might account for the upsurge in activity, several of these movements appear to have connections to the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban regime in Afghanistan. These linkages raise questions about whether the United States, as part of a broader effort to promote peace a… more
Date: December 7, 1999
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
open access

China-U.S.-Soviet Relations

Description: In 1979, a time of clear downturn in U.S.-Soviet relations over such sensitive issues as SALT, Soviet troops in Cuba, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Carter Administration moved ahead with a series of measures designed to improve relations with Moscow's major adversary in Asia, the Peoples Republic of China (P.R.C.). The purpose of this report is to provide background for and summarize current developments in U.S. - People’s Republic of China (PRC) relations, including current and p… more
Date: December 3, 1981
Creator: Sutter, Robert G.
open access

Economic Crisis in Russia

Description: This report briefly examines the economic climate in Russia, providing background information and examining key trends. The report also briefly discusses possible next steps for the Kremlin and potential spillover effects for the United States.
Date: December 17, 2014
Creator: Nelson, Rebecca M.
open access

Kosovo’s Future Status and U.S. Policy

Description: This report discusses the issue of Kosovo's future status; that is, whether it should become an independent country or continue to be part of Serbia, but with a large degree of autonomy. The future status of Kosovo is the most sensitive and potentially destabilizing political question in the Balkans. The United States and its main European allies are expected to recognize Kosovo's independence in early 2008, over the heated objections of Serbia and Russia. Several pieces of legislation on Koso… more
Date: December 28, 2007
Creator: Woehrel, Steven
open access

The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions

Description: The United States and Russia signed a new strategic arms reduction treaty - known as New START - on April 8, 2010. This treaty is designed to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), which expired, after 15 years of implementation, on December 5, 2009. This report provides an overview of New START, including a comparison to the original START Treaty, the belief of the Obama Administration and outside analysts that New START will enhance U.S. national security, and the criticis… more
Date: December 23, 2011
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.

Newsmap. Monday, December 6, 1943 : week of November 25 to December 2, 221st week of the war, 103rd week of U.S. participation

Description: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, USSR, Germany, Central Pacific, Southwest Pacific, China, Plans. Inset maps: central Italy, northeast New Guinea, Action areas in central and southwest Pacific, Truk Is., Nauru, Wotje, Jaluit, Makin, Tarawa. Photographs: Australian Air Force Beaufighter, Sgt. Ben Kuroki of Hershey, Nebraska, Captured Soviet equipment, Rescued blindfolded Nazi. German built road in Isernia. Back: Text and 11 illustrations highlight the 11 general orders tha… more
Date: December 6, 1943
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.

Newsmap. Monday, December 7, 1942 : week of November 27 to December 4

Description: Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Tunisia, Supply, Libya, Toulon, Russia, New Guinea, Solomons, Aleutians. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Tunisia -- Russian Front. Back: Maps and texts highlight the battleground of North Africa. Photographs: Crash landing -- Target sighted, mission completed -- Stalingrad strikes back.
Date: December 7, 1942
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.

Newsmap. Monday, December 14, 1942 : week of December 4 to December 11

Description: Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: New Guinea, Solomons, Pearl Harbor, Tunisia, Libya, Dakar, Toulon, Italy, Russia, France. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Dakar; Northeast Tunisia; Tripoli and environs; Russian Front; Guadalcanal Island; Bougainville Island; New Britain Photographs: Convoy to Africa; Advance to Tunisia; Street scene: French Morocco Back: The text entitled "Antiaircraft artillery" des… more
Date: December 14, 1942
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.

Newsmap. Monday, December 20, 1943 : week of December 9 to December 16, 223rd week of the war, 105th week of U.S. participation

Description: Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Southwest Pacific, Central Pacific, China, USSR, Italy, Air offensive, Submarines. Inset maps: Southeast Europe, Central China battle area. Photographs: U.S. Army engineers replace a bridge in Italy, Antiaircraft fire from a U.S. carrier, Brazilian ground and air troops, Turkish officials, "Rome or Death." Back: Text and photographs illustrate the battle for the Gilbert Islands.
Date: December 20, 1943
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.

Newsmap. Monday, December 21, 1942 : week of December 11 to December 18

Description: Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Libya; Tunisia; New Guinea; Solomons; China; Russia; Aleutians Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: New Guinea; Mediterranean Sea; Russian front. Photographs: Supply dock; wrecked by recoil; Captured Italian flag; Hot on Rommel's heels; Yanks advance on Japs in New Guinea Back: Text describes the history and power of infantry. Includes 19 photographs and a map of Stalingrad… more
Date: December 21, 1942
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.

Newsmap. Monday, December 27, 1943 : week of December 16 to December 22, 224th week of the war, 106th week of U.S. participation

Description: Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: USSR, Southwest Pacific, Italy, Air offensive, Yugoslavia. Maps: Eastern front; Netherlands Indies; Southwest New Britain. Photographs: French troops of 2nd Moroccan Division fight in Italy; Half-track loaded with Frenchmen crosses the Volturno; French First Armored Division during maneuvers; B-25 Mitchell bomber; 75mm shell for the cannon on the Mitchell bomber; Japanese destroyer after being hit by shells from the Mitchell bomber; Gen. Be… more
Date: December 27, 1943
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.

Newsmap. Monday, December 28, 1942 : week of December 18 to December 25

Description: Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: New Guinea -- Burma -- Solomons -- East Indies -- Tunisia -- Libya -- Russia -- Aleutians -- Pacific. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show roads and railways in Burma -- Tunisia, [Libya, and Algeria throughout the Mediterranean Sea and Italy]. Includes photographs: Tin Fish Launched [bomber] -- Mosquito Bomber -- Ready for Trouble [U.S. Warship loaded with ammunition] -- [trenches]… more
Date: December 28, 1942
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.
open access

Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty

Description: This report provides a brief overview of U.S. and Russian objectives when they began discussions on the 1994 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) and a summary of how they resolved these differences when concluding the negotiations. It then describes the key provisions in the Treaty and presents illustrative forces that each side might deploy in the next 10 years. It offers a brief assessment of how each nation fared in achieving its objectives when negotiating this agreement and a summary o… more
Date: December 30, 2008
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
open access

Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties

Description: This report discusses the issues surrounding whether or not the U.S. should grant Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) following its accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The change in Russia's trade status will require legislation to lift the restrictions of Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 as they apply to Russia, which includes the "freedom-of-emigration" requirements of the Jackson-Vanik amendment.
Date: December 22, 2010
Creator: Cooper, William H.
open access

Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties

Description: This report discusses the issues surrounding whether or not the U.S. should grant Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) following its accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The change in Russia's trade status will require legislation to lift the restrictions of Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 as they apply to Russia, which includes the "freedom-of-emigration" requirements of the Jackson-Vanik amendment.
Date: December 2, 2010
Creator: Cooper, William H.
open access

Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress

Description: This report discusses the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty between the U.S. and Russia which bans all land-based missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. This report outlines the original treaty provisions and then discusses compliance concerns for both Russia and the U.S., as well as possible responses to the situation by the U.S.
Date: December 6, 2017
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
open access

Russian Missile Technology and Nuclear Reactor Transfers to Iran

Description: Many in Congress and the Clinton Administration charge that Russian entities are assisting Iran in developing ballistic missiles. Russia is also building a nuclear power station and is finishing other nuclear services to, Iran. Congress has passed legislation requiring the President to impose sanctions for missile technology transfers, arms sales, nuclear technology transfers, and large-scale investments in Iran. H.R 2709, which includes the "Iran Missile Proliferation Sanctions Act of 1997," i… more
Date: December 14, 1998
Creator: Goldman, Stuart D.; Katzman, Kenneth; Shuey, Robert & Behrens, Carl E.
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